Download A) Portugal`s claims to southern Africa were established. B) His ship

1. Why is Ferdinand Magellan's voyage considered a
turning point in world history?
A) Portugal's claims to southern Africa were
established.
B) His ship was the first to land in the Americas.
C) One of his ships was the first to circumnavigate
Earth.
D) Britain's control of the seas ended.
2. The Encounter occurred as a result of European
explorers crossing the
A) Atlantic Ocean
C) Andes Mountains
B) Sahara Desert
D) Mediterranean Sea
3. One reason Spain sponsored the first voyage of
Columbus to the west was to
A)
B)
C)
D)
find a more direct trade route to Asia
obtain military technology
make contact with the Empire of Benin
trade in established ports in the Americas
4. Why is the year 1492 considered a turning point in
history?
A) The Spanish established an exchange between
Europe and the Americas.
B) The Ming dynasty launched expeditions to the east
coast of Africa.
C) Muslim Arab armies succeeded in conquering
Egypt and Syria.
D) The British established control over new territories
in India.
5. The encomienda system, the latifundia form of land
ownership, and the office of viceroy are all closely
associated with
A)
B)
C)
D)
Spanish rule in Latin America
pre-Columbian practices of Native Americans
attempts to halt the drug trade in South America
reduction of trade barriers in the Western
Hemisphere
6. What was a result of the efforts of Prince Henry of
Portugal, Christopher Columbus, and Ferdinand
Magellan?
A) The importance of Mediterranean trade routes was
established.
B) The modem concept of universal human rights was
promoted.
C) The European view of the physical world was
transformed.
D) An understanding of the benefits of cultural
diversity was encouraged.
7. One way in which the Ming dynasty in the early 1400s
and the Spanish monarchy in the late 1400s are similar is
that both governments
A)
B)
C)
D)
promoted religious diversity
encouraged democratic reforms
emphasized equal rights for women
supported the expansion of overseas trade
8. ". . . (It) brought the potato, the pineapple, the turkey,
dahlias, sunflowers, magnolias, maize, chillies and
chocolate across the Atlantic. On the other hand, tens of
millions died in the pandemics of the 16th century,
victims of smallpox, measles and the other diseases
brought by Europeans (and don't forget that the African
slave trade was begun by the Europeans, to replace the
work force they had decimated).". . . — Michael Wood,
BBC History (adapted)
Which historical development is being described in this
quotation?
A)
B)
C)
D)
establishment of the line of Demarcation
creation of the Hanseatic League
Columbian exchange
Glorious Revolution
9. In the 1500s, European attempts to establish colonies in
Africa were hindered by
A) the abolition of the slave trade
B) the cooperative efforts of Christian and Islamic
missionaries
C) a variety of geographic obstacles in Africa
D) a widespread unified resistance by African tribal
leaders
10. In the 1500s, the Portuguese seized trading ports in
Southeast Asia in an attempt to gain total control of the
spice trade.
Base your answers to questions 13 and 14 on the map
below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Based on this statement, one goal of the Portuguese
was to establish
A)
B)
C)
D)
a monopoly
an embargo
banking systems
agricultural cooperatives
11. The Age of Exploration led directly to the
A)
B)
C)
D)
establishment of European colonies
start of the Puritan Revolution
invention of the magnetic compass
failure of the Congress of Vienna
12. One reason Italy and Germany were not major colonial
powers in the 16th and 17th centuries was that they
A)
B)
C)
D)
had self-sufficient economies
lacked political unity
rejected the practice of imperialism
belonged to opposing alliances
13. The letter C indicates an area of Latin America that was
colonized mostly by the
A) Dutch
C) English
B) Portuguese
D) French
14. Which letter identifies the region in the Andes
Mountains where many Inca settlements were located?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
15. • France gained control over Algeria.
• Great Britain gained control over North America.
• Portugal gained control over Angola.
What do these statements describe?
A) imperialism
C) alliances
B) revolution
D) totalitarianism
16. Base your answer to the following question on the
passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.
"I was immediately handled and tossed up to see if I
were sound, by some of the crew, and I was now
persuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits,
and that they were going to kill me. Their complexions,
too, differing so much from ours, their long hair, and
the language they spoke . . . united to confirm me in this
belief. . . . The closeness of the place and the heat of the
climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so
crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself,
almost suffocated us."
Which event is described in this passage?
A)
B)
C)
D)
the Aztec invasion of Mayan cities
the Ottoman invasion of Hungary
immigration from Europe to the New World
the transatlantic slave trade
17. In the 1600s, the interest of Europeans in Africa was
based mainly on Europe's need to
A)
B)
C)
D)
market its surplus agricultural products
obtain workers for its colonies in the Americas
establish collective security arrangements
settle its surplus population on new lands
18. Which was an immediate result of the European Age of
Exploration?
A) Islamic culture spread across Africa and Asia.
B) European influence spread to the Western
Hemisphere.
C) Independence movements developed in Asia and
Africa.
D) Military dictatorships were established throughout
Europe.
19. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was
A) a long period of peace and prosperity for the
nations of western Europe
B) extensive migration of people from the Western
Hemisphere to Europe and Asia
C) the fall of European national monarchies and the
end of the power of the Catholic Church
D) the end of regional isolation and the beginning of a
period of European global domination
20. What was a direct result of the trans-Atlantic slave
trade on African cultures?
A) Many African communities faced economic
disaster.
B) European industrial factories were established
throughout Africa.
C) Animism was no longer practiced in Africa.
D) Africans across the continent hired Europeans to
train their military.
21. The Middle Passage is best defined as
A) a route through the Swiss Alps
B) a narrow body of water connecting two larger
bodies of water
C) the forced journey of enslaved Africans to the
Americas
D) the expulsion of Muslims from Spain
22. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Which conclusion about the slave trade in Africa is supported by this map?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Most of the slaves came from eastern Africa.
Few people were taken from Africa to other continents.
Several European countries participated in the slave trade.
The slave trade began in southern Africa.
23. • Maize and potatoes were grown in Europe.
• Millions of Africans suffered during the Middle
Passage.
• Smallpox had devastating effects on indigenous
peoples.
• Spanish language is used in much of Latin America.
Which global interaction is illustrated by these
statements?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Silk Road trade
Crusades
Columbian Exchange
Scramble for Africa
24. Base your answer to the following question on the
passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.
. . . And we cannot reckon how great the damage is,
since the mentioned merchants are taking every day our
natives, sons of the land and the sons of our noblemen
and vassals and our relatives, because the thieves and
men of bad conscience grab them wishing to have the
things and wares of this Kingdom which they are
ambitious of; they grab them and get them to be sold;
and so great, Sir, is the corruption and licentiousness
[lack of restraint] that our country is being completely
depopulated, and Your Highness should not agree with
this nor accept it as in your service. . . .
— Nzinga Mbemba (King Affonso), Letters to the
King of Portugal, 1526
Which event in African history is described in this
passage?
A)
B)
C)
D)
exploration of the African interior
discovery of gold mines in Nigeria
Belgium's takeover of the Congo
Atlantic slave trade
25. Base your answer to the following question on the
graph below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Which statement is supported by the graph?
A) Little trade in enslaved Africans took place before
the 1500s.
B) Slavery was most widely practiced in Sweden,
Denmark, and Holland.
C) Conditions of slavery in Brazil were less harsh
than those in the United States.
D) Most enslaved Africans were sent to the Caribbean
and Spanish America.
26. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.
What is the most appropriate title for the map?
A) The Industrial Revolution
C) The Age of Discovery
B) Imperialism in Africa
D) Atlantic Trade Routes
27. Which idea is most closely associated with the
economic concept of mercantilism?
A) Colonies exist to provide raw materials and
markets for a colonial power.
B) Wealth and power are based on land exchanged
between nobles.
C) Goods and services are traded without government
interference.
D) Property is owned collectively and administered
by the state.
28. What was one result of the European Commercial
Revolution?
A)
B)
C)
D)
a decline in the spice trade
the destruction of the papacy
the development of capitalism
an increased reliance on bartering
29. The Columbian exchange is most closely associated
with the beginnings of
A) mercantilism
C) mass production
B) humanism
D) scientific socialism
30. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the primary goal of
mercantilism as practiced by European countries was to
A) glorify the power and aggressiveness of the
military
B) create laws which guaranteed individual freedoms
C) teach the natives Christianity and offer them
protection in exchange for labor
D) increase their supply of gold and silver through a
favorable balance of trade
31. During the first Global Age (A.D. 1450–1770),
European countries obtained both a source of raw
materials and a reliable market for their finished goods
by developing
A)
B)
C)
D)
the policy of mercantilism
laissez-faire principles
trade cooperatives
forts along the Silk Roads
32. Which mountains were an obstacle to Simon Bolivar's
efforts to unify Gran Colombia?
A) Alps
C) Zagros
B) Andes
D) Urals
33. Which event came first in Latin American history?
A) Panama regained control of the Panama Canal.
B) Simon Bolivar established Gran Colombia.
C) Fidel Castro became the communist leader of
Cuba.
D) The North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA) was signed by Mexico, Canada, and the
United States
34. Which geographic factor most limited the growth of
Latin American unity of the early 19th century?
A)
B)
C)
D)
the region’s diverse landforms
most of the region’s rivers flowed north to south
the region’s location close to the equator
the region’s lack of natural resources
35. Which generalization is best supported by a study of the
history of Latin America?
A) Protection of human rights has been a major
policy of most governments.
B) Foreign powers have had little influence in the
area.
C) Political power has been concentrated in the hands
of the landed elite.
D) Church and state have been strictly separated.
36. In many newly independent 19th-century Latin
American nations, power was often concentrated in the
hands of the
A)
B)
C)
D)
wealthy landowners
corporate executives
Maya and Aztec officials
peasant farmers
37. Which factor was most important in the development of
regionalism in Latin America?
A) geographic conditions that limited contact between
people
B) presence of different religious groups
C) Dutch policies of colonization
D) rapid growth of many different political parties
38. Which condition is most closely associated with
Mexico between 1910 and 1930?
A) revolutions and political instability
B) establishment of a state religion
C) rapid industrialization by locally owned
corporations
D) widespread support for foreign intervention
39. “Americans today, and perhaps to a greater extent than
ever before, who live within the Spanish system,
occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs
destined for labor, or at best they have no more status
than that of mere consumers. . . .”
This quotation, written in September 1815, represents
the views of
A) Martin Luther
C) Simón Bolívar
B) Catherine the Great
D) Adam Smith
40. Which outcome was a direct result of the social
structure established during European colonization of
Latin America?
A) inequalities of income and power
B) communist governments were formed in most
countries
C) a small but powerful middle class that owned the
land and businesses
D) family structure of native peoples was destroyed
41. In many Latin American nations, a major effect of
colonial rule has been the
A) concentration of power in a small group of
landowners
B) minor political role of the military
C) equal distribution of wealth among social classes
D) economic control held by the Indian population
42. In Latin America, the emphasis on the role of the
military and the strength of the Roman Catholic
religion have their origins in
A)
B)
C)
D)
ancient Indian village organizations
cultural exchanges with the United States
English practices in the New World
Spanish colonial rule
43. Which statement best describes the Roman Catholic
Church in most Latin American countries in the 1980's?
A) The activities of the Church are controlled by the
national governments.
B) The Church has confined its activities to religious
issues.
C) The Church has become active in social and
human rights issues.
D) Most people see the Church as having little
influence in daily life.
44. In Latin America which situation has usually resulted
when military leaders seize power?
48. Base your answer to the following question on the
cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.
A) Democratic rule by civilian government is quickly
restored.
B) Alliances are formed with Communist nations.
C) Dictatorships are established.
D) Divisions between the social classes are
eliminated.
45. As independence was gained by most Latin American
countries, the power once held by the King's
representatives was assumed by
A)
B)
C)
D)
the peasants
labor unions
Maya, Aztec, and Inca rulers
military leaders
46. Some developing countries rely on a single cash crop
such as cotton or sugar cane. The origin of this practice
can often be traced to the
A)
B)
C)
D)
introduction of communism
establishment of democratic governments
colonization of the region
movements to gain independence
47. Which factor best accounts for the existence of
cash-crop production as the major form of agriculture
in many Central American nations today?
A) demand of world markets for such crops
B) lack of modern agricultural technology
C) inadequate supply of water and other natural
resources
D) peasant ownership of most farmlands
The main idea of the cartoon is that in the early part of
the 20th century
A) South Americans asked the United States to
protect them
B) international cooperation maintained peace in
South America
C) the Monroe Doctrine was no longer enforceable
D) the United States forcefully extended its influence
into South America
49. What was a major cause of the civil wars in many
Central American nations in the 1970s and 1980s?
A)
B)
C)
D)
economic differences between social classes
end of slavery in the encomienda system
rapid economic reform
oil production policies
50. Which Latin American nation has a long history of
stable democratic government?
A) Paraguay
C) Haiti
B) Nicaragua
D) Costa Rica
51. In many Latin American nations, which group has most
resisted social and economic changes since the end of
World War II?
A) poor farmers
C) union leaders
B) the military
D) the middle class
52. Throughout much of Latin America, political power has
traditionally been held by
A) poor city workers and labor union leaders
B) military leaders and owners of large estates
C) independent subsistence farmers and educated
professionals
D) religious leaders and landless peasants
53. Which term best describes the political trends in
Argentina, Panama, and Chile during the 1990's?
A) isolationism
C) democratization
B) mercantilism
D) imperialism
54. Base your answer to question 17 on the cartoon below
and on your knowledge of social studies.
55. During the last 10 years, many Latin American nations
experienced major changes in their governments that
resulted in an increase in the number of
A)
B)
C)
D)
colonial governors
Marxist governments
democratically elected governments
military dictatorships
56. During the last 10 years, what has occurred in many of
the nations of Latin America?
A) successful Communist revolutions
B) an increase in the number of popularly elected
leaders
C) a growing dependence on Cuba for economic
support
D) a return to their former colonial status
57. Which trend has occurred in Latin America since the
1980s?
A) movement toward popularly elected governments
in many nations
B) increasing hostility between the members of the
Organization of American States (OAS)
C) adoption of communism by many nations
D) increasing economic and military domination by
Cuba
58. Which conclusion about Latin American political
history could be reached after a study of the rise to
power of Juan Perón in Argentina and Augusto
Pinochet in Chile?
What is the main idea of this 1994 cartoon?
A) Haiti's lack of industrialization has led to
economic stagnation.
B) Haiti's limited experience with democracy has
made it difficult to establish this form of
government.
C) The desire for democracy has led Haiti to neglect
its development of modern technology.
D) The presence of American industry has failed to
improve Haiti's economy.
A) The strongest leaders are those who are elected
democratically.
B) Spain generally supported independence
movements in Latin America.
C) Latin America has a strong tradition of monarchy.
D) People will often support dictators who promise to
restore stability.
59. Which statement is most accurate about Latin America
today?
A) Elections in several Central and South American
nations have brought Communist governments to
power.
B) Military governments or dictatorships have been
replaced by democracies in many Latin American
nations.
C) Most Latin American governments are
encouraging subsistence agriculture.
D) Debts owed to most foreign nations have been
paid.
60. One similarity between Mao Zedong and Fidel Castro is
that they
A) achieved their goals through the use of peaceful
resistance
B) worked to protect citizens' rights to freedom of
expression
C) led revolutionary movements that established
Communist governments
D) considered Capitalism to be the best economic
system
61. Which development in the history of Cuba occurred
first?
A) The United States imposed a naval quarantine
against Cuba.
B) The Soviet Union built missile sites in Cuba.
C) Fidel Castro forcibly took power in Cuba.
D) The communist government in Cuba seized
foreign properties.
62. Fidel Castro was successful at leading a revolution in
Cuba because he gained the support of
A)
B)
C)
D)
wealthy landowners
government officials
peasant farmers
foreign investors
63. Although Cuba has lost support from many nations, one
reason Fidel Castro has remained in power is that he
has
A)
B)
C)
D)
established free trade with the United States
opposed communism
prohibited the practice of Catholicism
raised the standard of living for many Cubans
64. Under the leadership of Fidel Castro, Cuba has become
an example of
A) the success of democracy in improving conditions
in a developing nation
B) a nation in which the efforts of the United Nations
have improved human rights
C) a Communist government struggling to maintain
power despite economic problems
D) the successful reform of agriculture from
single-crop to multi-crop production
65. Which situation resulted from the 1959 Cuban
Revolution?
A) Cuba adopted a communistic economic and
political system.
B) Cuba was denied admission to the United Nations.
C) All social classes united to support the new
government.
D) The power of the Roman Catholic Church in Cuba
was greatly increased.
66. One similarity between Mao Zedong and Fidel Castro is
that they
A) achieved their goals through the use of peaceful
resistance
B) worked to protect citizens' rights to freedom of
expression
C) considered Capitalism to be the best economic
system
D) led revolutionary movements that established
Communist governments