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Chapter 22 America as a World Power 1867 - 1920 Essential Question •How did America’s growing power affect its relationships with other nations? I. The United States Gains Overseas Territories • Imperialism: building an empire by founding colonies or conquering other nations (Europe) • Isolationism: avoiding involvement in the affairs of other countries (U.S.) • By late 1800’s, U.S. needed to expand to keep economy strong – 1890 - Capt. Alfred Mahan publishes The Influence of Sea Power upon History: argued for a strong navy to protect economic interests and naval bases around the world Pacific Expansion 1867 - 1900 • Areas acquired by the U.S. – – – – Alaska (Seward’s Folly) – fur, timber, minerals Midway Islands – naval base Samoa – naval base Hawaii – sugar, naval base • Areas opened/controlled by the U.S. – Japan – trade opened with U.S. in 1853 – begins a 40-year modernization toward Japan becoming an imperial power – China – spheres of influence: areas where foreign nations controlled resources • Open Door Policy: all nations should have equal access to trade • Boxer Rebellion: Chinese nationalists angered by foreign influence, killed foreign born people – U.S. and Europe invade II. The Spanish-American War • Yellow Journalism: sensational, often exaggerated news stories – Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst – Vivid stories of Spanish brutality toward Cuba – De Lôme Letter – Spanish minister to U.S. called President McKinley “weak” – U.S.S. Maine – battleship blown up in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898 – Spain blamed • “Remember the Maine!” War in the Philippines • Filipinos, like the Cubans, were revolting against Spain • May 1, 1898, Commodore George Dewey destroys entire Spanish Pacific fleet – no American killed • U.S. troops and Filipino rebels take over led by Emilio Aquinaldo War in the Caribbean • U.S. Army not prepared – Not enough rifles or bullets – Wool uniforms – Ate canned meat from Civil War – Yellow fever – more soldiers died of disease than battle wounds • Rough Riders – Led by Theodore Roosevelt – Captured San Juan Hill and Kettle Hill overlooking Santiago United States Gains Territories • Spain signs cease fire on August 12, 1898 • Philippines – Wanted freedom, but became a territory of U.S. until 1946 – Filipinos fight guerrilla war with U.S. up through 1902 – 4200 American soldiers killed • Puerto Rico – Wanted freedom, but became a territory of U.S. • Cuba – Teller Amendment (1898): United States would not annex Cuba – Platt Amendment (1899): allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs – lasted until 1959 III. The United States and Latin America • Panama Canal: – Connects Atlantic and Pacific oceans – U.S. supported Panama’s independence from Colombia – Construction began in 1904 – took 10 years to build U.S. Policy Toward Latin America • “Speak softly and carry a big stick” • Theodore Roosevelt believed U.S. should play active role in Western Hemisphere – Monroe Doctrine (1823): warned Europe to stay out of Latin American affairs – Roosevelt Corollary (1904): U.S. can intervene in Latin American affairs U.S. Interests in Latin America • Dollar Diplomacy: policy of President Taft – influencing governments through economic intervention • Moral Diplomacy: policy of President Wilson – promote democracy in Latin America, but use force if necessary – Mexican Revolution: struggle for power 19101917 - U.S. invades Mexico to prevent weapons arriving from Europe and to capture rebel leader Pancho Villa