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Review of Plant Literature
Literature Review of Mollugo oppositifolia Linn1 - 3
Botanical Name: Mollugo oppositifolia Linn.
Synonym: Glinus oppositifolius L.A. DC,
Mollugo spergula Linn,
Mollugo subserrata Blanco,
Polycarpaea frankenioides Presl.
Family: Molluginaceae
Common Names:
Telugu : Chetarasi kura
Sanskrit : Phanija, kapitthapatra
Hindi : Jima
English : Bitter Leaf, Slender Carpet Weed, Bitter cumin
Bengali : Gima, Jima, Gima-sak
Marathi : Jharasi
Tamil : Pampantra, Thura poondu
Distribution:
North America, West Indies, Central America, India, South America, Europe,
Asia, Africa, Australia.
Figure 1: Mollugo oppositifolia Linn
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Review of Plant Literature
Plant Description:
Herbs annual or perennial, subshrubs, or shrubs, rarely dioecious, glabrous or
rarely hairy. Stems erect or prostrate. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite, often in a
basal rosette or in pseudowhorls on stems, margin entire; stipules absent or membranous.
Inflorescences terminal or in seemingly axillary cymes, rarely as a solitary flower.
Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic, hypogynous, rarely perigynous.
Tepals 5, rarely 4, free or connate below into a tube, lobes white or pink to purple,
sometimes yellow inside. Petals absent or few to many, white, pink, or purple. Stamens
3-5 or many, arranged in several rings, free or connate at base in bundles; anthers
dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, syncarpous; carpels 2-5 or many,
placentation axile, rarely seemingly basal. Stigmas as many as locules. Ovules 1 to many
per locule. Fruit usually a loculicidal capsule or deeply (3-) 5-15-lobed mericarps, rarely
breaking into 2 nutlets. Seeds with embryo curved around a hard, starchy perisperm.
Traditional Uses:
The Plant used as a stomachic, aperient and antiseptic. Used for the suppression
of lochia. Whole plant used as cataplasm for dyspepsia in children. For earahces, applied
warm, moistened with a little castor oil. In Puddokota, juice is applied to itches and other
skin diseases. In India, used by tribal people for liver diseases, anti diabetes. In Mali,
used for malaria, joint pains, inflammation, intestinal parasites, furuncles, and wounds.
Aerial parts used for abdominal pains and jaundice. Fresh leaves used against dizziness
and to stimulate the appetite.
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Review of Plant Literature
Reported Phytochemical Constituents:
Leaves contain spergulagenic acid, a saturated triterpenoid sapogenin,
spergulagenin A and a tri-hydroxy ketone. Dichloromethane extract of the air-dried
leaves of Glinus oppositifolia contain triterpene, oppositifolone, spinasterol, squalene and
lutein are also present in leaves4.
Aerial parts of Mollugo oppositifolia contain triterpenoid saponins, glinosides A,
B and C, flavanoidal glycosides vitexin-7-glucoside and 2-p-coumaroylvitexin-7glucoside5.
An amino acid derivative, L-(-)-(N-trans-cinnamoyl)-arginine, was isolated from
the whole plant of Mollugo oppositifolia along with kaempferol 3-O-galactopyranoside,
isorhamnetin
3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside,
vitexin,
vicenin-2, adenosine and L-phenylalanine6.
Roots contain a glycoside, mollugo glycoside A. α-Spinasterol and β-sitosterol
glucoside, bis-nortriterpene sapogenol, spergulatriol, spergulagenol, oleanolic acid,
methyl spergulagenate and spergulagenin A have also been isolated from roots7.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. http://www.stuartxchange.org/Sarsalida.html. [Cited 2012 January 20].
2. Dequan L.U., Heidrun E.K. Hartmann "Molluginaceae" in Flora of China.
Published by Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Beijing, Vol. 5;
pp 437.
3. Mollugo. Flora of North America. Oxford University Press Vol. 4; 76: 509 510.
4. Sahu N.P., Koike K., Banerjee S., et al. (2001) Triterpenoid saponins from
Mollugo spergula. Phytochemistry. 58(8): 1177-1182.
5.
Chopin J. (1984) Phytochemistry. 23 (9):2106–2108.
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Review of Plant Literature
6. Sahakitpichan P., Disadee W., Ruchiwarat .S, et al. (2010) L-(−)-(Ntranscinnamoyl)-arginine, an amino acid from Glinus oppositifolius(L.). Molecules.15
(9):204-227.
7. Vishali., Rekha. (2008) In proceeding of: National congress on Bioscience
Research. At Ethirai College, Chennai. India.
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Review of Plant Literature
Literature Review of Smilax perfoliata 1,2
Botanical Name: Smilax perfoliata Lour
Family: Smilacaceae
Common Names: Catbriers, greenbriers, prickly-ivys and smilaxes.
Distribution: India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
Vernacular names:
English
:
Indian smilax
Sanskrit
:
Vana madhusnuhi, Anana madhusnuhi
Hindi
:
Jangaliaushbah
Tamil
:
Kalthamari, Periyakanni
Malayalam :
Kareelanji, Kattu psuv, Kottavalli
Figure 2: Smilax Perfoliata Lour
Plant Description
Vines climbing. Stem branched, to 8 m, woody; stem and branches smooth or
sometimes sparsely prickly. Petiole 2--4 cm, broadly winged for 1/2--2/3 its length;
wings 7--12(--25) mm wide, basally deeply clasping node, tapering toward apex;
abscission zone distal; tendrils usually developed. Leaf blade usually ovate, 6--17 × 3--12
cm. Inflorescence of 10--30 umbels, 5--17 cm, basally prophyllate; rachis often slightly
zigzagged; umbels of both sexes ± grouped in whorls of 2--4, densely many flowered,
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Review of Plant Literature
base ellipsoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm. Male flowers: outer tepals 5--6 × ca. 1 mm, inner ones ca. 5
× 0.3 mm; stamens ca. 5 mm. Female flowers: tepals slightly smaller than male ones;
staminodes 3. Berries globose, 4--6 mm in diam.
Traditional Uses3:
The plant is used as in Ayurvedic medicine. The plant is used in diseases of
nervous system, epilepsy, inflammation, diabetes, psychosis, urinary disorders, polyuria,
Parkinsonism, congenital diseases, leprosy.
Reported Phytochemical Constituents4:
1,6-O-diferuloyl-(3-O-p-coumaroyl)-b-D-fructofuranosyl-2-O-acetyl-a-D-, gluco
pyranoside rutin, narcissin, cassiamin A, cassiamin B and 1, 2, 3-trimethoxy-5hydroxyphenol-1-O-b-D-glucopyranoside.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027946. (Cited
on 2012-May-25)
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smilax#cite_note-1. (Cited on 2012-May-25).
3. Yoganarasimhan S.N. (1996) Medicinal Plants of India. Karnataka: Interline
Publishing. Vol 1: 433.
4. Cheng Yu-Biao, Zhang Dong-Ming, Shi-Shan Y.U. (2004) Chemical Constituents
of Smilax perfoliata. Acta Botanica Sinica. 46 (5): 618-620.
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