Download Lesson 3: How the North Won Vocabulary

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Lesson 3: How the North Won
Lesson 3 Summary
Use with pages 506–511.
Vocabulary
Battle of Gettysburg a three-day Civil War battle; Gettysburg was the farthest north that
Confederate forces had pushed into Union territory
Gettysburg Address a speech given by President Lincoln; it inspired the Union to keep fighting
Battle of Vicksburg a Civil War battle in which the Union got control of the Mississippi River
total war a kind of warfare used to destroy the enemy’s army and their will to fight
In 1863 the Battle of Gettysburg was fought
in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The Union held a
position on a hill in the battle. This protected
them from Confederate fire. On the first day,
Union soldiers were forced back. On the
second day, Union soldiers held their ground.
On the third day, both sides exchanged cannon
fire. Confederate General George Pickett led
an attack on Union troops. The Union army
was well protected in the hills. But the
Confederate troops were out in the open. The
Confederate attack failed. The Southern troops
retreated back into Virginia.
The Gettysburg Address
President Lincoln gave a speech called the
Gettysburg Address. He gave it to honor the
soldiers who had died in the war. He wanted
to inspire Americans to keep their country
together. He said that a united country and an
end to slavery were worth fighting for.
The Tide Turns
The Battle of Gettysburg helped turn the tide
of the war in favor of the Union. So did other
battles. As part of the Anaconda Plan, the
Union wanted to gain control of the Mississippi
River. They did this at the Battle of Vicksburg.
In May 1863 the Union blockaded, or closed
off, Vicksburg, Mississippi. Confederate
soldiers and citizens faced starvation. The
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Unit 7, Chapter 15, Lesson 3 Summary
Confederacy surrendered Vicksburg on July 4,
1863, one day after the Battle of Gettysburg
ended. The largest number of Civil War battles
occurred in Virginia. Many Union soldiers were
sent to Virginia. They might have been sent
there because the capital of the Confederacy
was in Virginia. Also, Washington, D.C., was
located between Virginia and Maryland. Union
troops might have been sent there to defend
the city.
The War Ends
Union General William Tecumseh Sherman
helped wear down the Confederate army. He
used total war to destroy the Confederate
soldiers’ will to fight. First, Sherman and his
troops took Atlanta, Georgia, an important
industrial and railway center. Sherman’s army
marched to take over Savannah, Georgia. They
destroyed everything in their path that the
South could use to keep fighting. This is
called Sherman’s “March to the Sea.” The
Confederacy surrendered in Virginia on April
9, 1865. General Lee and General Grant met
in a farmhouse in Appomattox Court House,
Virginia, to discuss the terms of surrender.
The Civil War was the most destructive war in
American history. President Lincoln wanted
the country to join together and rebuild itself.
Quick Study
© Scott Foresman 5
The Battle of Gettysburg
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Lesson 3 Review
Use with pages 506–511.
Lesson 3: Review
1.
Main Idea and Details Fill in the missing details to the main idea.
The Union used several strategies
to achieve decisive victories in the
last years of the Civil War.
2. What circumstances led the Union to victory on the third day in the Battle of Gettysburg?
3. What were Lincoln’s goals as expressed in the Gettysburg Address?
© Scott Foresman 5
4. Critical Thinking: Interpret Maps In what state did most of the major battles occur in the
Civil War? Give a reason you think this would be so.
5. What was the purpose of Sherman’s “March to the Sea”?
Quick Study
Unit 7, Chapter 15, Lesson 3 Review
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