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Transcript
Name:_______________________ Date:________ Science 7: Final Review Physical Science Units Part I: Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Periodic Table Directions: Complete each sentence or answer each question. You may use a periodic table. 1. The atomic mass refers to the number of __________ and ________ in the nucleus of an atom. 2. The subatomic particle with a negative charge is the ________________. 3. The element with an atomic number of 20 is ___________________. 4. How is water different from salt water? (how is a compound different from a mixture?) 5. A) In order for two atoms to be isotopes of the same element they must contain the same number of ______________ but different number of ________________. B) An isotope of Oxygen is O-18. Using your knowledge of oxygen and the periodic table, determine the following?: Number of protons in O-18:______________ Number of neutrons in O-18:_____________ How O-18 is different than most atoms of oxygen: 6. Which of the following cannot be broken down into simpler substances? (circle one) A) Gold B) Water C) Salt Why? ____________________________________________________ 7. Describe some differences between metals and nonmetals. 8. Describe how electrons are configured in the atom. 9. The periodic table is arranged in order of increasing _______________ number. This is the number of ____________ in the nucleus of an atom. 10. Find N on the periodic table. Complete the information below. Element name: ____________________ Atomic number = _____ Protons: _____ Atomic mass = ________ Electrons: _____ Atomic mass rounded = ______ Neutrons: _____ Classification: _____________________________ Physical Characteristics: ______________________________ 11 . Find K on the periodic table. Complete the information below. Element name: ________________________ Atomic number = _____ Protons: _____ Atomic mass = ________ Electrons: _____ Atomic mass rounded = ______ Neutrons: _____ Classification: _____________________________ Physical Characteristics: ______________________________ Part II: Phases of Matter: 1. What are the characteristics of a solid? 2. What are the characteristics of a liquid? 3. What are the characteristics of a gas? 4. Draw the particle diagrams for the three phases of matter. 5. Give an example of a physical change: 6. Give an example of a chemical change: Part III: Density 1. Why does density change during phase changes? _____________________________________________________________ 2. Describe why when the amount of a substance changes, the density does NOT change. Use the formula for density : 𝐷 = questions. 𝑚 𝑣 and your calculator to answer these 3. If a substance has a mass of 150g and a volume of 25ml. What is its density? 4. A substance has a density of 2.3g/ml and a volume of 10ml. What is its mass? Part IV: Forms of Energy A. Match each form of energy to the correct definition. 1. ___ nuclear A. produced by machines or moving parts 2. ____ electromagnetic B. heat energy 3. ____ thermal C. movement of electrons 4. ____ electrical D. energy stored in atoms 5. ____ chemical E. travels in waves 6. ____ mechanical F. stored in the bonds of compounds Fill in the following chart: Nonrenewable Energy Resource Definition Environmental Impacts Examples Renewable Energy Resource Part V: Heating and Cooling Curves Heating/Cooling and Phase changes: Use the following diagram of a heating/cooling curve of a substance to answer questions 1-5. 1. What phase of matter is represented at A?____________ 2. During an exothermic reaction, what phase change begins at point D? _________________________________ 3. During an endothermic reaction what phase change will begin at point B? __________________________________ 4. What happens to the temperature of substances during phase changes? __________________________________________ 5. Fill in the following Table: Endothermic Exothermic Heat Energy is… The molecules move… The density… Examples 6. As a substance changes phase what happens to its mass? 7. As a gas is cooled its temperature decreases from 160°C to 80°C. The temperature then remains at 80°C for 6 minutes then begins to decrease again. What can be inferred about this substance from this information? _________________________________________________________ Complete these sentences or answer these questions. 8. How is renewable energy different from nonrenewable? _______________ 9. What happens to the amount of energy when it changes form? 10. Can energy be created or destroyed? __________________________ 11. How does the potential energy of an object change as you move farther away from sea level? ________________________________________________ Part VI: Newton’s Laws of Motion and Rate 1. Newton’s laws describe motion and force Define force: 2. An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. An example of this is a book resting on a table. Which of Newton’s 3 laws does this follow? 3. According to Newton’s second law, the acceleration of an object is equal to the force divided by the mass. This also means that the force exerted by an object can be found by multiplying the object’s mass by the object’s acceleration. a) What force will be needed to move a desk with a mass of 450kg at an acceleration of 4m/s2? b) What is the mass of an object if it exerts as 217N force while accelerating at 3.3m/s2? c) At what rate will an object accelerate if it has a mass of 150kg and the force exerted upon it is 500N?