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Bohr – Rutherford Diagrams Steps to follow when drawing Bohr – Rutherford diagrams: 1: calculate the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the atom; 2: draw a small circle representing a nucleus for the atom; 3: write the number of protons from step 1 inside the nucleus circle; 4: write the number of neutrons from step 1 inside the nucleus circle; 5: a) b) c) d) P P N draw a circle around the nucleus. This represents the first energy level; draw one small dot on the first energy level line for each electron calculated in step 1 (up to a maximum of 2 dots). Each dot represents 1 electron; if the atom contains more than 2 electrons, draw a second circle around the first one and draw small dots on this second energy level (up to a maximum of 8 dots). Each dot represents an electron; as appropriate, draw more energy level lines according to the number of electrons present in the atom and the maximum electron holding capacity for each level. 2 8 maximum number of electrons for each shell is shown by the number found on each orbital (up to a maximum of 20 electrons) 2 P N 8 Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for the following elements (see the Periodic Table at the back of the textbook for atomic numbers and atomic masses): Li, Na, K What 2 trends are evident after drawing the Bohr-Rutherford diagrams? Be, Mg, Ca Trend 1: F, Cl Trend 2: He, Ne, Ar