Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 7b. Transcription and Translation
Document related concepts
Transcript
7b. RNA and Protein synthesis I. What is RNA? • RNA Ribonucleic Acid • Different kinds of RNA • mRNA – carries the instructions for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome • tRNA- brings amino acid to ribosome II. RNA Structure • Single Stranded • Base Unit/ Subunit: Nucleotides • Phosphate • Sugar (Ribose) • Nitrogen Base II. RNA Structure • Four Nitrogen bases in DNA: • Four Nitrogen bases in RNA: • Adenine • Guanine • Cytosine • Thymine • Adenine • Guanine • Cytosine • Uracil What is different from DNA? TU Base Pairing in DNA and RNA • Nitrogen Base Pairs in DNA: A–T C–G • Nitrogen Base Pairs in RNA: A–U C–G III. Base Pairing Practice A-T-T-G-C-C-C-T ______________ A-A-C-A-A-G-T-C ______________ T-G-G-G-C-G-C-G ________________ T-A-T-T-C-C-C-G _____________ T-G-C-A-C-A-T-G ______________ T-T-G-T-C-T-G-G ______________ IV. Comparing DNA and RNA IV. Comparing DNA and RNA DNA BOTH RNA V. Protein Synthesis • Synthesis- to make larger complex molecules out of simple ones • Basic unit of proteins- Amino Acids • Protein synthesis- Combining amino acids into proteins SER GLU Amino Protein Acids PRO GLY V. Protein Synthesis Two Parts to synthesizing proteins 1. Transcription- Turns DNA into RNA 2. Translation- Turns RNA into Amino Acids/Proteins Codon- 3 letter (nitrogen base) code from RNA Amino Acid- building blocks for proteins *Each codon is a code for an amino acid* VI. Transcription • Transcribe- To write • Transcription- Turning DNA into RNA (Writing out instructions) Process 1. Helicase “unzips” DNA. 2. RNA Polymerase makes new copies of strands. 3. mRNA is allowed to leave the nucleus. HELICASE RNA Polymerase VII. Translation Translation- turns RNA into amino acids chains (proteins) 1. mRNA attaches to Ribosome 2. Ribosome translates every 3 nitrogen bases (codon) into amino acids, which are brought to ribosome by tRNA. 3. Ribosome binds (attaches) amino acids into a chain. 4. Chain of amino acids is released as a protein. PRO GLU SER GLY Universal Codon Chart IX. Comparing Transcription and Translation Job Where in the cell? Transcription DNA RNA Translation RNA Proteins Nucleus Ribosome (Cytoplasm)
