Download Chemical Digestion

Name________________________
Chemical Digestion
Period_____ Date______________
<Notes #3- Nutrition and Digestion>
AFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still _____________________ to be used by
broken down
the cells. They MUST be ____________________________ EVEN MORE!!!!!!
Special chemicals called__________________ will break down these small pieces of food into
compounds
SMALLER and SIMPLER _____________________________.
single sugars
CARBOHYDRATES are broken down into ____________________________
(glucose)
amino acids
PROTEINS are broken down into ___________________________
(aa)
fatty acids
glycerol
FATS are broken down into ___________________
and ___________________
________________________DIGESTION- the process in which our foods are CHEMICALLY
broken down into simpler substances.
saliva
Chemical digestion begins in the MOUTH where _______________
containing an ENZYME
begins to digest ____________________(carbohydrates). Some starch is broken down
into ________________
right in your mouth!!
sugars
______ digestion occurs in the ESOPHAGUS.
Food can stay in the stomach from 1-6 hours, the average time is from _____________hours.
___________________- an organ that secretes substances (digestive juices, hormones, etc.)
having special functions in the body.
Ex- salivary glands, liver, pancreas, stomach, small intestine
The glands that line the stomach produce:
Mucus
Gastric Juice
_________________
and ___________________________.
The MUCUS ______________ the stomach lining from the gastric juice.
The GASTRIC JUICE contains:
1. _________________________-this lowers the pH which helps the enzyme work.
2. __________________ digesting enzyme- “Pepsin”- which breaks down foods
containing protein such as meat and cheese.
As the stomach churns, the food is mixed with gastric juice and becomes a thick soupy mixture
called ___________________. A sphincter at the end of the stomach,
sphincterreleases ________________-sized
teaspoon
the Pyloric
_____________________,
amounts of chyme into the small intestine.
_____________________________________- the part of the digestive tube where food is:
___________________________
AND
______________________________ !!!!!!!!!!
**The small intestine is the ____________ digestive organ.
3cm (1 inch) wide and ________
7m (22 feet) long.
**It is a coiled tube about ______
**The first 25 cm (10”) are called the ________________________________.
Fluids from two other glands empty into the duodenum:
Pancreas
1. ____________________produces ______________________________
that contain enzymes that break down:
carbohydrate
a)______________________
proteins
b)______________________
c)______________________
fats
Liver
2. ___________________this produces ___________
(a yellow-green substance)
Bile is stored in the _______________________
fats
**Bile breaks up ____________
into
___________________________. These tiny
droplets can then be easily digested by the
enzymes of the pancreatic juice.
The LIVER is the largest ________________ in
the body.
The lining of the
Small Intestine produces __________________________________.
Intestinal juice has enzymes that break down:
double sugars
(simple sugars)
a. _________________________
into __________________________
proteins
b. _________________________into
___________________________
The FOUR END PRODUCTS of digestion are:
1._____________________________
(glucose)
2._____________________________
3._____________________________
4._____________________________
simple or __________
small enough to be used by the
***These four substances are _____________
small enough to pass through the _____________________ !!!!
cells…they are ____________
We get many nutrients from plants but we CANNOT digest all plant material especially
___________________________ …cellulose makes up the cell walls of plants.
Animals such as deer and cows can digest cellulose because they have ____________________
appendixes
living in their ______________________
which break down the cellulose for the animal.
HUMANS do NOT have these bacteria in our appendix…
our appendix has _____ function in digestion!!
CELLULOSE is part of our food that we call ________________ or ROUGHAGE !!
move
Fiber is needed to help _____________
food through our small and large intestines.
______________________- the diffusion of water and dissolved materials into the cells.
begins
Once digestion is completed…the process of absorption ______________!!
bloodstream
The digested food leaves the small intestine and moves into the ___________________.
The SMALL INTESTINE is a very long tube that is ___________
coiled back
and forth inside your abdomen. It has an inner lining that has
many tiny _____________.
folds
**BOTH the _______________
and the _________________
length
folds
of the small intestine INCREASE the amount of
___________________________ where food can be absorbed.
**Even MORE surface area is added by the tiny finger-like
structures called _____________.
Villi cover the folds and make the
absorption of food even faster.
They give the small intestine a velvety
appearance, Digested food moves by
diffusion through the villi into the blood
vessels (capillaries) which then carry
the food to all cells in all parts of the body.
AFTER absorption…the undigested food is passed into the
_________________________________ or __________________ as a watery mixture.
Most of the ______________ in this mixture is absorbed by the large intestine and
returned to the body tissues.
Fiber
__________________
provides “bulk” to the watery mixture and helps it to be easily
moved through the large intestine.
_______________________- the removal of TOO MUCH water from the large intestine.
_______________________- the removal of TOO LITTLE water from the large intestine.
Bacteria in the large intestine partially break down the undigested food.
________________
_______________- the semi-solid wastes left from digestion.
The feces are STORED in the lower part of the large intestine called the ___________________.
The feces are RELEASED from the body through the sphincter called the _______________.
Chemical
Saliva
Gastric
Juice
Bile
Pancreatic
Juice
Intestinal
Juice
Where is it
made?
What does it
do or digest?