Download Civil War

Civil War
Chapter 15, Lessons 1-3
Name ________________________________________________________
Vocabulary
Anaconda Plan
Blockade
Civil War
Civilian
Draft
Emancipation
Proclamation
Gettysburg Address
Total War
People
Clara Barton
Jefferson Davis
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
Abraham Lincoln
William T. Sherman
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Civil War Timeline
1861
March 4
April 12
July 21
1862
March 9
April 6-7
May 31 – June 1
Sept.17
Sept.22
Dec.13
1863
Jan.1
May 1-4
July 1-3
July 4
Nov.19
1864
March 10
Sept.2
Nov.8
Dec.21
1865
Jan.31
April 9
April 14
April 26
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Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary
The Civil War
1861–1865
The Civil War was a fight between the United States of America (the North)
and the Confederate States of America (the South). It began after the 1860
Presidential Election. The war started as the country tried to settle two questions:
Should the United States keep allowing slavery? Could a state break away from the
United States if it chose? Abraham Lincoln was the Republican Party candidate in
1860. He was against slavery. He believed that a state could not leave the United
States.
The Democratic Party had members in the North and in the South. Stephen
Douglas ran as a Democrat from the North. John C. Breckinridge ran as a
Democrat from the South. The vote for the Democrats split between these men.
Some Southern states said they would leave the Union if a Republican became
president. Lincoln won the election. Soon after, South Carolina left
the Union. Six other Southern states did, too. These states formed a
new government. They were now the Confederate States of America.
They chose a president, Jefferson Davis. This new government gave
states more freedom to make their own rules. They wanted to keep
slavery.
Not all the slave states joined the Confederacy. The Border States were four
Southern slave states that did not. The Border States were sometimes helpful to the
North.
The Confederates wanted United States troops out. Lincoln told the troops to
stay. He said the South could not leave the Union.
The Confederates attacked Union forts to show
their independence. The Union troops fought back.
Soon four more states joined the Confederacy.
Both sides thought the war would end quickly.
They were very wrong.
Each side had advantages. The North had a bigger army. It had more
factories and railroads to make and to move supplies. It had more banks and money
to fund the war. It also had a navy. The South was fighting on its own land. It had
better military leaders, and its troops were more willing to fight. Its soldiers also
had better skills with rifles. Both sides made great sacrifices.
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Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary
Some people thought Lincoln became too powerful during the Civil War. He
ended habeas corpus for a time. This meant people could be arrested and jailed
without proof they had committed a crime. This violated the United States
Constitution. People suspected of being Confederate spies were jailed. Lincoln
blocked the South with United States Navy ships. The Southerners could not get
supplies. Lincoln thought he needed to take these actions to win the war and to
keep the country together.
The Union lost most of the early battles. Lincoln was not pleased with the
army’s performance. He made a new law, the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863.
It freed slaves in Southern states that fought against the Union. Lincoln did this so
England would no longer help the South. The English traded with the South for its
cotton, but they also opposed slavery. Once Lincoln made the war about slavery,
England stopped helping the South.
The commander of the Southern army was Robert E. Lee. He was a great
general. He was very popular with his men.
The Union began to win more battles. Most of the battles were in the South,
but one of the worst battles was in the North.
General Lee tried to attack Washington, D.C. The
armies fought near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The
battle lasted three terrible days. More than 50,000
soldiers were killed, and Lee was forced to retreat.
The Northern army did not pursue him. The Union
won this battle at great cost. Lincoln wanted his
generals to win and to end the war. He believed the Union troops should have
crushed any chance for the South to retreat and fight again. He replaced his
commanding general with Ulysses S. Grant. The North went on to win most of the
later Civil War battles.
Lincoln was elected president again in 1864. General Grant still kept his
army fighting. The Union Army went after Lee and his troops. Finally, they had
Lee surrounded. Lee’s men had little food and few supplies. Many had been killed
or wounded. Lee had no choice; he had to surrender. He knew to continue would
only cause more deaths. There was no way the Confederacy could win. General
Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, on April 9, 1865.
The United States had a long road ahead to rebuild the nation after the Civil War,
but the country remained as one.
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Name: ________________________________
Date: ____________________
The Civil War (1861–1865)
Answer the following questions with complete sentences.
1. Why did the South want to leave the Union?
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2. What was the first state to leave the Union?
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3. What advantages did the North have during the Civil War?
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4. What advantages did the South have during the Civil War?
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5. Where and when did General Robert E. Lee surrender?
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Executive Mansion,
Washington, August 22, 1862.
Hon. Horace Greeley:
Dear Sir.
I have just read yours of the 19th. addressed to myself through the New-York
Tribune. If there be in it any statements, or assumptions of fact, which I may know
to be erroneous, I do not, now and here, controvert them. If there be in it any
inferences which I may believe to be falsely drawn, I do not now and here, argue
against them. If there be perceptable in it an impatient and dictatorial tone, I waive
it in deference to an old friend, whose heart I have always supposed to be right.
As to the policy I "seem to be pursuing" as you say, I have not meant to leave any
one in doubt.
I would save the Union. I would save it the shortest way under the Constitution.
The sooner the national authority can be restored; the nearer the Union will be "the
Union as it was." If there be those who would not save the Union, unless they could
at the same time save slavery, I do not agree with them. If there be those who would
not save the Union unless they could at the same time destroy slavery, I do not
agree with them. My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is
not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any
slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if
I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I
do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the
Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save
the Union. I shall do less whenever I shall believe what I am doing hurts the cause,
and I shall do more whenever I shall believe doing more will help the cause. I shall
try to correct errors when shown to be errors; and I shall adopt new views so fast as
they shall appear to be true views.
I have here stated my purpose according to my view of official duty; and I intend no
modification of my oft-expressed personal wish that all men every where could be
free.
Yours,
A. Lincoln.
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Name: ______________________________
Date: _________
Lincoln’s Letter to Horace Greeley
August 22, 1862
Answer the following questions with complete sentences.
1. What was Lincoln’s primary goal in his official duty?
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2. What is Lincoln’s personal view on the issue of slavery?
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3. According to his views in this letter, why would Lincoln free the slaves?
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4. How do you think freeing all of the slaves would help save the Union?
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Name __________________________________________________ Date _____________ History Facebook Social Studies What if Facebook existed before 2004? What would the major players in historical events have to say about their actions? Fill in comments that would be appropriate from these historical people who had a part in the event shown. Think of two others that would comment, and add their comments too! Attack on Fort Sumter, South Carolina
In this photo: Federal soldiers inside Fort Sumter, Confederate soldiers firing on the fort. Added: April 12‐14, 1861 Like • Comment
Major Robert Anderson:
Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard:
President Abraham Lincoln:
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Date:
Name:
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TheCivilWarBegins
Use the map below to complete the activity. For help, refer to
pages 434 to 439 in your textbook.
1. Color the Union states on the map blue. Color the Confederate states gray.
2. What were the three parts of the Union's Anaconda Plan for victory?
3. \ Locate and label the site of the first battle of the Civil War. What caused the battle?
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4. Locate and label the site of the First Battle of Bull Run. List two things this battle made
people realize about the war.
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Name:
Date:
Using a Population Distribution Map
Study the map and complete the chart below. (The first one is done for you.)
Then answer the questions by circling your answer. For help, refer to
pages 440 and 441 in your textbook.
PACIFIC
OCEAN
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I
People per
square mile
More than 90
18-89
2-17
Less than 2
People per
square kilometer
More than 35
7-34
1-6
Less than I
Gulf of Mexico
Tampa"
Miami.
\-J
Present-day boundaries are shown.
City
Boston
Charlesfon
Chicago
People Per
Square Mile
more than 90
1. Which area has the most people?
Northeast
Southeast
Midwest
2. Which city has the fewest people?
Dallas
Boston
Nashville
Jacksonville
Denver
New York
Pittsburgh
3. Which city has the most people?
Pittsburgh
Omaha
Minneapolis
Seattle
St. Louis
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Chapter 15 . pp.,440-441
Name:
Date:
Use the speeches at right to complete the activity. For help,
refer to pages 442 to 447 in your textbook.
1. What is the name of the document this
excerpt is from?
2. What two things did this document do?
... a[[persons heldas
s[aves within any
state . ..
in rebe[[ion against the
ilnitedStates! sharf
be then! henceforth!
andforeverftee.
3. How did this document change the way people felt about the war?
4. Read these words from a famous
speech made by President Lincoln.
Which battle is he referring to?
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5. How did this battle affect the course of
the war?
!
~w we are engagea in agreat
civi{war; testing whether that
nation; or any nation so conceived;
andso dedicated; can fang endure.
We are met on agreat 6att£efie{d
ofthat war. We have come to
dedicate a portion of thatfie{C£ as
afina{ resting-pracefor those who
heregave their fives; that that
nation might five. It is a{together
fitting andproper that we shou{d
do this.
6. What did President Lincoln's speech make clear about the war?
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Chapter 15· pp. 442 - 47
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Date:
Name:
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The Civil"'War 'Ends
Use the map to help you complete the activity below. For help, refer
to pages 448 to 453 in your textbook.
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N
w4
:! I
i
e
I,
[,
,I,.
II
~
I
o
Major battles
Confederate states
;
1 :
II
I
1. Draw in red the route General Sherman
took on his march through Georgia.
5. Put an X on the place where Lee
surrendered to Grant.
Why did Lee surrender?
2. What did Grant order Sherman to do?
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3. Circle the two cities on the map that
Grant's men entered and captured .
'4. Why had General Lee left these cities?
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6. How had the war changed the South?
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Chapter 15 . pp. 448-453
North Vs. South
South
North
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Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary
Women in the Civil War
Today, many women serve in the United States military. Hundreds of years
ago women could not serve in the military. The Civil War began in 1861, and a
woman’s place was to tend to home and family while her husband was at war.
Women could also be nurses tending to wounded soldiers or helping the Sick
Soldier Relief Society. Women made bandages for doctors and nurses to wrap
wounds. They also knit socks for soldiers.
Many women strongly supported the cause of the North or the South.
Hundreds of women dressed as men fought in battle. Some women followed their
husbands, others joined on their own. They would try to keep their identity as a
woman secret. They feared punishment or embarrassment. In most cases, their
identity was not revealed until they were injured and needed medical attention.
There are cases of women who died in battle and refused to reveal their name
before they died. Their dying wish was that they had helped the cause. Women
also worked as spies. Sometimes they pretended to fall in love with soldiers or
officials. The women then encouraged these men to reveal military plans. The
clever spies revealed this information to help their government.
Clara Barton established the Red Cross in 1881. Earlier she helped the Civil
War cause in Virginia. She organized a relief program and worked to help
wounded soldiers and to collect donations for the soldiers. She later served as the
superintendent of nurses. She also helped to find men who were missing in action.
She had many connections with military and government officials and was able to
gather information about men who had been taken prisoner. Clara tried to inform
families of lost soldiers about their loved ones. President Abraham Lincoln granted
her permission to establish the Bureau of Records in Washington, D.C. She helped
to find almost 20,000 men.
Sarah Emma Edmonds dressed as a soldier and joined the Union Army. She
used the name Frank Thompson. It took her four tries to be accepted into the army.
She served as a male nurse and later she volunteered to become a spy. She learned
all she could about weapons and military strategies. She began paying close
attention to landmarks, terrain, and how military officers made decisions.
Her first spy mission was to join the Confederate Army as a black soldier.
Only one person was allowed to help her in her mission. She dyed her skin with
silver nitrate. She worked as a member of the kitchen staff and overheard the
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Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary
information she needed. On another mission, she gained access to the Confederate
Army as an Irish woman who sold goods to the army. She used another identity for
each mission. She was considered Frank Thompson, not Sarah Emma Edmonds.
She eventually returned to nursing for the Union Army, but soon she became
ill. If she admitted herself to the hospital, everyone would know she was a woman.
She had no choice but to leave the army until she was well. However, when she
wanted to return, Frank Thompson was listed as an army deserter; so she could not
return to the army. This bothered her for many years. She asked the War
Department to review her case. The House of Representatives decided Sarah and
Frank were the same person. She received a veteran’s pension for her service in the
United States Army.
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Name: ___________________________
Date: ____________________
Women in the Civil War
Answer the following questions with complete sentences.
1. What were acceptable military roles for women a hundred years ago?
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2. How did women try to serve in the military?
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3. Why was Clara Barton famous?
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4. What did Clara Barton do to help Civil War soldiers?
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5. How was Sarah Emma Edmonds able to enlist in the army?
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6. What was Edmonds’ first job in the army?
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7. What did Edmonds volunteer to do for the army?
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8. Why did Edmonds contact the War Department after the Civil War?
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Woman in camp
Sarah Emma Edmonds
Clara Barton
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Civil War: Fighting
g
g in the East
Pennsylvania
Civil War:
Fighting in the East
OH
Gettysburg
(1863)
Antietam
(1862)
Harpers Ferry
(1862)
MD
(1864) Shenandoah
Washington,
D.C.
Bull Run
(1861 & 1862)
West
Virginia
(1863) Chancellorsville
(1864) The Wilderness
(1864) Spotsylvania
Cold Harbor (1864)
(1862) Yorktown
(1865) Appomattox
Delaware
Fredericksburg
(1862)
(1862) Seven Days
Virginia
NJ
Five Forks
(1865)
Monitor versus
Merrimac (1862)
Petersburg
(1864–1865)
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Durham Station
(1865)
North
Carolina
South
Carolina
KEY
0
50
Scale: 1"=65 miles
GA
Fort Sumter (1861)
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100
Union Victory
Confederate Victory
Draw
Name: _______________________________
Date: _________
Civil War: Fighting in the East
Use the information provided on the map to answer the following questions.
In what state did the Battle of Gettysburg take place?
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In which state did the Battle of Antietam take place?
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Who won the battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac?
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Identify the state where each battle was fought.
Gettysburg
Harpers Ferry
Wilderness
Antietam
Durham Station
Chancellorsville
Appomattox
Fort Sumter
List the years in which the following battles were fought.
Shenandoah
Gettysburg
Petersburg
Antietam
Appomattox
Cold Harbor
Use the scale provided to determine the distance in miles between the following battlefields.
Chancellorsville to Gettysburg
Five Forks to Seven Days
Fredricksburg to Antietam
Petersburg to Appomattox
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Civil War: Fighting
g
g in the West
Civil War:
Fighting in the West
Ohio
Indiana
WV
Illinois
KS
Perryville (1862)
Missouri
VA
Kentucky
IIND
ND
ND
TER
T
ER
E
R
Ft. Donelson
(1862)
Nashville (1864)
Ft. Henry
Murfreesboro
(1862)
(1862–1863)
Chattanooga (1863)
Shiloh (1862)
Chickamauga
Atlanta
(1863)
(1864)
TN
(1862) Memphis
Arkansas
MS
Alabama
LA
Mobile Bay
(1864)
Port Hudson
(1863)
New Orleans (1862)
Gulf of
Mexico
KEY
Union Victory
Confederate Victory
Draw
SC
Georgia
Jackson
(1863)
(1863) Vicksburg
Texas
NC
0
100
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Scale: 1"=110 miles
200
Florida
Name: __________________________________
Date: __________
Civil War: Fighting in the West
Use the information provided on the map to answer the following questions.
Who won the battle of Vicksburg?
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Who won the battle of Fort Donelson?
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Who won the battle of Memphis?
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Identify the state where each battle was fought.
Vicksburg
Chickamauga
Atlanta
Mobile Bay
Chattanooga
Jackson
Fort Donelson
Perryville
List the years in which the following battles took place.
Perryville
Nashville
Jackson
Murfreesboro
Vicksburg
Chattanooga
Use the scale provided to determine the distance in miles between the following battlefields.
Perryville to Fort Henry
Shiloh to Chickamauga
Mobile Bay to Jackson
Vicksburg to Port Hudson
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Activities: Literature Connections
1861
Walt Whitman
AARM’D year! year of the struggle!
No dainty rhymes or sentimental love verses for you, terrible year!
Not you as some pale poetling, seated at a desk, lisping cadenzas piano;
But as a strong man, erect, clothed in blue clothes, advancing, carrying a rifle on
your shoulder,
With well-gristled body and sunburnt face and hands—with a knife in the belt at
your side,
As I heard you shouting loud—your sonorous voice ringing across the continent;
Your masculine voice, O year, as rising amid the great cities,
Amid the men of Manhattan I saw you, as one of the workmen, the dwellers in
Manhattan;
Or with large steps crossing the prairies out of Illinois and Indiana,
Rapidly crossing the West with springy gait, and descending the Alleghanies;
Or down from the great lakes, or in Pennsylvania, or on deck along the Ohio river;
Or southward along the Tennessee or Cumberland rivers, or at Chattanooga on the
mountain top,
Saw I your gait and saw I your sinewy limbs, clothed in blue, bearing weapons,
robust year;
Heard your determin’d voice, launch’d forth again and again;
Year that suddenly sang by the mouths of the round-lipp’d cannon,
I repeat you, hurrying, crashing, sad, distracted year.
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Name: ______________________________
Date: __________
1861
Walt Whitman
Answer the following questions with complete sentences.
1. Why does Walt Whitman refer to 1861 as the “year of the struggle”?
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2. Whom did Whitman describe as “a strong man, erect, clothed in blue clothes,
advancing, carrying a rifle on your shoulder”?
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3. What does Whitman describe as moving around different parts of the country?
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Activities: Literature Connections
Hush’d be the Camps Today
Walt Whitman
Hush’d be the camps today,
And soldiers let us drape our war-worn weapons,
And each with musing soul retire to celebrate,
Our dear commander’s death.
No more for him life’s stormy conflicts,
Nor victory, nor defeat — no more time’s dark events,
Charging like ceaseless clouds across the sky.
But sing poet in our name,
Sing of the love we bore him — because you, dweller in camps, know it truly.
As they invault the coffin there,
Sing — as they close the doors of earth upon him — one verse,
For the heavy hearts of soldiers.
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Name: _______________________________
Activities: Literature Connections
Date: __________
Hush’d be the Camps Today
Walt Whitman
Answer the following questions with complete sentences.
1. What event inspired Walt Whitman’s poem, “Hush’d be the Camps Today”?
2. What were some of the “stormy conflicts” in the life of the person who inspired
the poem?
3. Who is the “dweller in camps” referred to in this poem?
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