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Chapter 16, Section 2 – The Aztecs The Aztecs Build an Empire First Aztecs were farmers who migrated from the north to Central Mexico. They settled on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco Controlled a huge trade network & tributes from people they conquered kept them rich The Aztec capital was called Tenochtitlan Built 3 wide causeways to connect the island to the shore Built canals that crisscrossed the city To help with farming, the Aztecs built floating gardens called chinampas Tenochtitlan had over 200,000 people, huge temples, busy markets, & a grand palace Aztec Society Cultural Achievements Emperor (attended to law, Appreciated art & beauty trade, tribute, & warfare) Made stone pyramids & statues Nobles (tax collectors, Gold, gems & feathers were used judges, & gov’t officials) to make masks Warriors & priests (led Valued learning religious ceremonies, Studied astronomy & made a passed down history, calendar decided when to plant & Wrote down historical records harvest) Passed down stories from Merchants & artisans generation to generation Farmers & laborers (the majority of the pop) Slaves Religion & Warfare Cortes Conquers the Aztecs Worshipped many gods In the late 1400s, Spanish arrived (polytheists) who they in the Americas believed controlled both In 1519, a group of conquistadors nature & human activities reached Mexico to claim land, To please the gods, they look for gold, & convert to sacrificed humans Catholicism. They typically sacrificed Moctezuma II, the Aztec emperor, slaves who were battle welcomed Cortes, believing he captives (10,000 people a was the god Quetzalcoatl year) Aztecs attacked & drove out the To supply enough victims, conquistadors, but Moctezuma they went to war frequently was killed in battle Within a year, Cortes & his men returned & defeated the Aztecs. They were able to defeat them b/c they had help from other people in the area, better weapons, big horses, & brought disease