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Define the following: Caravan - a group of people and animals who travel together Astrolabe – a tool that measures the height of the sun or a star above the horizon Conquistador – The Spanish word for conqueror Hacienda – a large farm or ranch, often with its own village and church What effect did Marco Polo’s book have on Europeans? Answer: they became more interested in travel to Asia What important contribution did Portuguese explorers make to European trade? Answer: They found a sea route to Asia What was Ferdinand Magellan’s purpose when he set sail from Spain in 1519? Answer: to cross the Pacific Ocean and return to Spain What did the Spanish colonists build in the Americas? Answer: religious settlements called missions Describe the trade routes and the trade products of one of the West African trading kingdoms. Answer: Merchants from Arabia traveled in caravans to bring salt across the Sahara on a trade route to Ghana. Ghana traded gold for salt. What were two important results of European exploration in the 1400s and the 1500s? Answer: The discovery of new lands; the opening of trade routes; the expansion of awareness of other cultures. In 1519, Hernan Cortes made an expedition to Mexico to conquer the Aztecs. Write a description of the journey, of what Cortes did, and of what happened to the Aztecs. Hernan Cortes took an army to present-day Mexico and got help from an Aztec woman named Malinche; the Aztec army was weakened by a smallpox infection which killed many of the Aztec; Cortes convinced neighboring American Indian nations to join his army and used guns, horses, and armor to defeat the Aztecs.