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Transcript
Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors Lesson 1 Infectious Diseases pages 548-551 Identify the causes of infectious diseases. Describe four ways in which infectious diseases are spread. Slide 1 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors Causes of Infectious Diseases Communicable diseases caused by organisms or viruses that enter and multiply within the body. Viruses that can only be seen through a microscope are called microorganisms. Pathogens (Germs) – microorganisms and viruses that cause disease, make you sick. Slide 2 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors Types of Pathogens (Germs) Bacteria – simple, single-celled microorganism. Give off toxins (poisons). Examples of illness caused by bacteria: tetanus, food poisoning, strep throat, TB, staph infection Viruses – smallest pathogen. Enters a healthy cell and then damages or destroys that cell. Viruses are specific as to the body systems they attack. Examples of body systems attacked and the diseases caused by viruses: Respiratory-common cold, influenza; Immune-hepatitis, AIDS; Skin-chickenpox, rubella, measles; Nervous-rabies, polio Slide 3 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors More Types of Pathogens (Germs) Fungi – grow best in warm, dark moist areas. Usually causes skin infections. Examples of skin infections caused by fungi: athlete’s foot, ringworm, infected scalp Protozoans – single celled organism, larger than a bacteria. Usually found in contaminated water. Examples of sickness caused by Protozoans: Amebic Dysentery (bloody diarrhea), Dysentery (stomach pain, diarrhea) Malaria, Slide 4 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors More Types of Pathogens (Germs) Other Pathogens – reside in insects (lice, mites) and in under cooked meat (particularly pork). List 3 facts for each of the four major types of Pathogens… 1. Bacteria 2. Viruses 3. Fungi 4. Protozoans Slide 5 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors How Pathogens (Germs) are Spread: Pathogens enter the body through breaks in the skin, direct contact with pathogen and eyes, ears, nose and mouth. Infected People – skin to skin, direct contact with infection spreads the pathogens (cold sores, chicken pox, sexually transmitted diseases…), and by breathing in the airborne pathogens (infected person coughs or sneezes), contact with infected person’s body fluid and blood. Slide 6 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors How Pathogens (Germs) are Spread: Contaminated Food, Soil or Water – Bacteria naturally live in food and soil. Bacteria that can make you sick: Salmonella – lives in poultry and eggs, found in feces droppings from birds or mice E. coli – lives in beef Botulism – improperly canned food Tetanus – found in soil and rust Cholera – contaminated water Slide 7 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors REVIEW Chp. 21 Lesson 1 In what ways can you protect yourself from getting sick? Slide 8 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors Lesson 3 Common Infectious Diseases pages 558-563 Identify some diseases caused by bacteria and by viruses. Describe behaviors that can help you get healthy and stay healthy. Slide 9 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors Bacteria Diseases Strep Throat – Streptococcus. Spread by mucus of infected person. Symptoms: swollen lymph nodes on sides of neck, fever, headache, fever, sore throat Lyme Disease – Spread by bite from infected tick. Symptoms: red rash at site of bite, fever, chills, and body aches Bacterial Meningitis– Fluid that surrounds spinal cord and brain that becomes infected. Symptoms: high fever, headache, vomiting and a stiff neck Slide 10 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors More Bacteria Diseases Tuberculosis – highly contagious infection of the lungs. Transmitted from inhaling droplets from an infected person’s cough or sneeze. Symptoms: fatigue, weight loss, a mild fever, constant cough Treating Bacterial Diseases – Antibiotics are a prescription medicine that must be used as prescribed. Bacteria can develop a resistance to the antibiotics, making it difficult to treat certain diseases. Slide 11 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors Viral Diseases The Common Cold – There is no cure; caused by different viruses. Spread by contaminated objects and airborne pathogens Symptoms: sneezing, sore throats, runny noses, coughing, fever, headaches, chest congestion and muscle aches Influenza – Affects respiratory system spread by airborne pathogens and contaminated objects; more serious than cold viruses. Vaccines can prevented by flu shots. Symptoms: high fever, sore throat, headache and a cough Slide 12 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors Viral Diseases Hepatitis – Infects the liver. Symptoms: fever, nausea, pain in abdomen and jaundice Hepatitis A – transmitted in human wastes and in contaminated food and water. A vaccine can prevent Hepatitis A Hepatitis B – transmitted in blood or sexual contact or body piercing/tattoos. There is a vaccine for Hepatitis B Hepatitis C – transmitted in blood or sexual contact or body piercing/tattoos. Number one reason for liver transplants. Slide 13 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors Viral Diseases Treating Viral Diseases – Usual there is no medicine that can cure a viral infection, medicines only treat the symptoms of the diseases. Rest, a well-balanced diet and plenty of fluids help to shorten the life of some viruses in the body. See pages 560-561, Illustration of the stages of the Flu Slide 14 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors Getting Healthy, Stay Healthy When to Seek Medical Care: Extremely sore throat, earache, temperature, vomiting, diarrhea that lasts more than 2 days; yellow/green thick mucus from nose or throat; difficulty breathing or severe pain anywhere; a wound that does not heal; an illness that lasts longer than usual Slide 15 of 8 Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases Practicing Healthful Behaviors Getting Healthy, Stay Healthy Preventing Infectious Diseases: Avoid contact with pathogens, be immunized, choose healthy behaviors… Frequently wash hands; do not share items; cook/store foods properly; avoid sick people; sneeze into elbow; eat healthy; Slide 16 of 8 avoid unhealthy substances Chapter 21 Infectious Diseases REVIEW Chp. 21 Lesson Practicing Healthful Behaviors In what ways can students minimize the spread of pathogens at school? Slide 17 of 8