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Greek Achievements
I. The Arts
• The arts included sculpture,
painting, architecture, and
writings
A. Statues and Paintings
1. The ancient Greeks’ paintings and
statues have been admired for hundreds
of years.
2. Sculptors carefully studied the human
body to make their statues look perfect.
3. Greek artists painted detailed scenes on
vases, pots, and other vessels.
B. Greek Architecture
1. If you went to Greece today, you would
see the ruins of many ancient buildings.
2. Rows of tall columns surrounded the
temples, making the temples look stately
and inspiring.
-Greek architects made their columns
bulge slightly in the middle to make them
look perfectly straight.
B. Greek Architecture
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
B. Greek Architecture
3. The most impressive of all ancient Greek
buildings was The Parthenon in Athens, built in
the 400’s BC on the Athenian acropolis.
C. New Forms of Writing
1. Greek writers created many new writing
forms, including drama and history.
2. The Greeks created dramas or plays as
part of their religious ceremonies. These
plays became popular forms of
entertainment.
C. New Forms of Writing
3. Some writers produced tragedies, which
described the hardships faced by Greek
heroes. Ex. Aeschylus, Sophocles
Other Greek dramatists focused on
comedies—plays that made fun of
people and ideas. Ex. Aristophanes
C. New Forms of Writing
4. The Greeks were among the first people
to write about history—Thucydides--wrote about the Peloponnesian War.
II. Philosophy
*By
around 500 BC,
philosophers believed in the
power of the human mind to
think, explain, and
understand life.
A. Socrates
1. Socrates believed that people must
never stop looking for knowledge.
2. Socrates taught by asking questions—he
challenged people’s answers with more
questions (Socratic Method)
3. Socrates made people angry with his
questions; he was arrested and
condemned to death.
B. Plato
1. Plato was Socrates’ student---created a
school, The Academy, to which students,
philosophers, and scientists could come
to discuss ideas.
2. To ensure fairness, Plato argued that
society should be run by philosophers.
-wrote The Republic—told about an ideal
society.
C. Aristotle
1. Plato’s student, Aristotle, taught that
people should live lives of moderation, or
balance.
2. Aristotle believed that moderation was
based on reason, or clear and ordered
thinking—think about actions and how
they will affect others.
3. Aristotle believed in using logic and
making inferences to solve problems.
III. Science
•Aristotle’s works
inspired many Greek
scientists.
A. Mathematics
1. Euclid was interested in geometry, the
study of lines, angles, and shapes.
Many of today’s geometry rules come
from his writings.
2. Geographer, Eratosthenes, used
mathematics to accurately calculate the
size of the earth.
Pythagoras
• A2 + B2= C2
B. Medicine and Engineering
1. Some Greek scientists studied medicine
and engineering.
2. Greek doctors studied the human body
to understand how it worked and to cure
diseases.
3. Hippocrates is known for wanting to find
out what caused diseases so he could
better treat them.
Hippocratic Oath
“Now being admitted to the profession of
medicine, I solemnly pledge to consecrate
my life to the service of humanity.”
“I will give respect and gratitude to my
deserving teachers.”
“I will practice medicine with conscience and
dignity.”
Hippocratic Oath
• “The health and life of my patients will be
my first consideration.”
• “I will hold in confidence all that my patient
confides in me.”
• “I will maintain the honor and noble
traditions of the medical profession.”
Hippocratic Oath
• “My colleagues will be as my brothers and
sisters.”
• “I will not permit consideration of race,
religion, nationality, politics, or social
standing to intervene between my duty
and my patient.”
Hippocratic Oath
• “I will maintain the utmost respect of
human life.”
• “Even under threat I will not use my
knowledge contrary to the laws of
humanity.”
• “These promises I make freely and upon
my honor.”
B. Medicine and Engineering
4. Archimedes (200’s BC) invented a water
screw for farmers to water their fields
that brought water from a lower level to
higher one.
“Eureka!”