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Earth Science Minerals Date: Name: 1. 2. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage? A. calcite B. C. pyrite D. mica 3. halite Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the two tables below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Table 1 shows the composition, hardness, and average density of four minerals often used as gemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals in Moh's Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest). Table 1 Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map below, which shows areas where certain minerals were mined in signi cant amounts during 1989. Gemstone Mineral Composition Hardness emerald Be3 Al2 (Si6 O18 ) 7.5–8 spinel MgAl2 O4 sapphire zircon Al2 O3 Average Density (g/cm3 ) 9 ZrSiO4 2.7 4.0 8 3.8 7.5 4.7 KEY Al = aluminum O = oxygen Mg = magnesium Zr = zirconium Be = beryllium Si = silicon Table 2 Moh's Scale of Hardness In which New York State landscape region was most of the garnet mined? A. Catskills B. Adirondack Mountains C. Tug Hill Plateau 1 talc 3 calcite 5 apatite 6 feldspar 7 quartz 8 topaz 9 corundum 2 4 D. Erie-Ontario Lowlands 10 gypsum uorite diamond Which gemstone minerals contain the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust? page 1 A. emerald and spinel B. emerald and zircon C. sapphire and spinel D. sapphire and zircon 4. 5. Which property of a mineral most directly results from the internal arrangements of its atoms? A. volume B. C. crystal shape D. streak 6. The table below shows the chemical composition of some common minerals found in rocks of lithosphere. color Mineral Chemical Composition Hematite Fe2 O3 Calcite CaCO2 Quartz The accompanying table provides information about four common silicate minerals. SO2 Potassium feldspar KAlSi3 O8 As indicated by its chemical composition, which mineral could have formed when CO2 (carbon dioxide) combined with another substance? 7. A. potassium feldspar B. hematite C. quartz D. calcite Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the table below, which shows the characteristics of four di erent mineral samples. Mineral Characteristics Mineral Sample Which conclusion is best supported by the information in this table? The shape of the tetrahedral unit controls the shape of the broken mineral. B. The arrangement of the tetrahedral units controls the mineral breakage pattern. C. The percent of shared oxygen controls the size of the mineral crystal. Luster Streak Breakage Pattern Galena gray metallic gray breakes into cubes Halite colorless nonmetallic colorless break into cubex Gold yellow metallic yellow irregular breakage Quartz A. Color colorless nonmetallic colorless irregular breakage Which two mineral samples most likely have a similar internal arrangement of atoms? D. The type of atoms present controls how much oxygen is shared. 8. A. galena and quartz B. galena and halite C. gold and halite D. gold and galena The internal atomic structure of a mineral most likely determines the mineral's A. color, streak, and age B. origin, exposure, and fracture C. size, location, and luster D. hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape page 2 Earth Science Minerals 9. The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structure of the mineral kaolinite. 12. The most abundant metallic element by mass in Earth's crust makes up 8.23% of the crust. Which group of minerals all normally contain this metallic element in their compositions? A. garnet, calcite, pyrite, and galena B. biotite mica, muscovite mica, halite C. talc, quartz, graphite, and olivine uorite, and D. plagioclase feldspar, amphibole, pyroxene, and potassium feldspar An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown in the diagram determines a mineral's A. 13. age of formation B. in ltration rate C. physical properties Data Table D. temperature of formation 10. The table below lists some information about the minerals graphite and diamond. Mineral Composition graphite carbon Depth of Hardness Formation shallow 1 diamond carbon very deep Electrical Conductor good 10 poor Some properties of diamond are di erent from those of graphite because diamond Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon and oxygen. Which list contains only silicate minerals? A. graphite, talc, and selenite gypsum B. potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphibole C. calcite, dolomite, and pyroxene A. has a di erent arrangement of atoms B. forms larger crystals C. has a di erent composition D. is older in geologic age D. biotite mica, uorite, and garnet 11. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz? A. sulfuric acid B. pencil lead C. plaster of paris D. window glass page 3 Earth Science Minerals 14. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the table and photograph below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The table shows the approximate mineral percent composition of an igneous rock. The photograph shows the true-scale crystal sizes in this igneous rock. Mineral Name plagioclase feldspar Percentage of Mineral Present 55% biotite 15% amphinole 15. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the passage below. Asbestos Asbestos is a general name given to the brous varieties of six naturally occurring minerals used in commercial products. Most asbestos minerals are no longer mined due to the discovery during the 1970s that long-term exposure to high concentrations of their long, sti bers leads to health problems. Workers who produce or handle asbestos products are most at risk, since inhaling high concentrations of airborne bers allows the asbestos particles to become trapped in the workers' lungs. Chrysotile is a variety of asbestos that is still mined because it has short, soft, exible bers that do not pose the same health threat. 30% The chemical formula for chrysotile is Mg3 Si2 O5 (OH)4 . State the name of the mineral found on the Earth Science Reference Tables that is most similar in chemical composition. Identify two elements that are commonly found in all three minerals in the data table. page 4 Earth Science Minerals Problem-Attic format version 4.4.218 c 2011–2014 EducAide Software _ Licensed for use by Julia Ziac Terms of Use at www.problem-attic.com Earth Science Minerals 1. Answer: B 2. Answer: B 3. Answer: B 4. Answer: C 5. Answer: B 6. Answer: D 7. Answer: B 8. Answer: D 9. Answer: C 10. Answer: B 11. Answer: D 12. Answer: D 13. Answer: A 14. Answer: Silicon, oxygen, aluminum 15. Answer: tale 03/18/2015