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Download A-level Environmental Studies Task Task: Dominoes
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Teacher Resource Bank GCE Environmental Studies Dominoes Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales (company number 3644723) and a registered charity (registered charity number 1073334). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX. GCE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Dominoes Instructions: Print off the dominoes, preferably on card. Cut horizontally between the pairs of boxes and trim to create 12 ‘dominoes’. Match each domino to a suitable neighbour such that each key term is matched to its definition. You should end up with a complete ring of dominoes. GCE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Dominoes Table of topic areas Topic area Conditions for Life on Earth Wildlife Conservation Conservation in the UK Conservation Abroad Life Processes Land Resources The Atmosphere The Hydrosphere The Lithosphere Energy Pollution The Population: Resource Balance Agriculture Aquatic Food Production Systems Forestry Sustainability Practical Skills Conditions for Life on Earth Atmosphere All the living organisms on the Earth Enzyme All the gases that surround the Earth Lithosphere A protein molecule that controls biochemical reactions Hydrosphere The crust and upper mantle Photolysis The water of the Earth, in solid, liquid and gas states Specific Heat Capacity The splitting of a substance by light Thermophile The amount of energy gained or lost for a particular temperature rise Ozone layer An organism that lives under unusually hot conditions Ultraviolet light The layer in the stratosphere with most naturally occurring ozone Greenhouse Gas High energy, short wavelength electromagnetic radiation Gas that absorbs Transpiration infra red energy emitted by the Earth Biosphere The evaporation of water from leaf stomata Wildlife Conservation Ramsar Site The role an organism plays in its habitat, how it makes use of resources and its inter-relations with other species Endemic International wildlife trade control RSPB Protected wetland site, especially for birds, designated by DEFRA Gene pool A species that is native to an area and not found naturally anywhere else Teratology UK conservation charity that focuses on birds Indigenous The total variety of genes in a population Vavilov Centre The study of physiological abnormalities during development IWC A species that is native to an area Biomimetics An area with a rich diversity of wild varieties of crop species Niche International organisation that aims to ensure exploitation of whales is sustainable Artificial insemination The study of living organisms so the knowledge can be applied to technological developments CITES The artificial transfer of semen into a female without mating Conservation in the UK Plagioclimax Natural England scheme to conserve particular endangered species Ramsar site A designated protected marine habitat ESS Wetland area protected by a global international agreement Coppicing A scheme that pays farmers for environmentally beneficial management Natural England/CCW A community that does not reach the natural climax due to external influences eg burning NGO A government agency responsible for conservation of wildlife and the landscape SPA Any organisation that is not run by a government RSPB Traditional woodland management by regular cutting to ground level Biological corridor Area designated under the EU Birds’ Directive SAC The main UK bird conservation organisation MNR A habitat that allows movement between two other habitats Species Recovery Programme Area designated under the EU Habitats directive Conservation abroad Biodiversity Physical factors such as light, temperature and water A measure of the variety Carbon and abundance of wildlife sequestration species CITES Appendix I Removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, eg afforestation or underground storage No take zone (NTZ) Complete ban on trade in a species Upwelling Slash and burn farming Area where catching or removal of species is banned Where nutrient-rich deep ocean water comes to the surface CITES Appendix II Farming in temporary clearings with new ones cleared every few years Plankton Trade in a species permitted from some countries Micro-climate Floating aquatic organisms A small area with a climate Biotic factors that is different from the surrounding area Albedo Biological factors such as food and disease Abiotic factors The reflectivity of a surface Life processes Habitat A group of organisms based on their biological similarities Population The place where a species, population or community lives Heterotroph All the individuals of a species living in an area Symbiosis Pollination Community An organism that gains its organic compounds for energy and growth from other organisms Species All the populations of all the species living in an area Ecosystem A group of organisms that resemble each other more than other organisms and naturally interbreed to produce fertile offspring Biome A community of organisms and their interactions with each other and their abiotic environment Edaphic A large geographic region with a characteristic climate and unique community of species Taxon The changes as an area develops from a bare area to become a climax community The relationship between organisms of different species that live together The transfer of male gametes resulting in fertilisation and seed production Land resources CBA Country Park A community of species that does not develop to a natural climax, but is maintained by external influences such as burning, grazing or ploughing Decision making process in planning - all factors being given a financial value EIA Countryside area managed for public enjoyment, usually by local authorities Green Belt Decision making process in planning - to predict effects and propose changes Honeypot Site A designated area around an urban area which restricts urban expansion into the countryside Leopold Matrix An area that is particularly attractive to visitors National Trust A grid used to assess the environmental impacts of proposed developments Space zoning A UK charity that conserves historic buildings and important landscapes and habitats Neptune Coastline Campaign A method of avoiding land use conflicts by allocating different areas to different uses Urban park The National Trust campaign to buy and protect important coastline landscape Time zoning An area of semi-natural land in an urban area used for public recreation and relaxation Plagioclimax A method of avoiding land use conflicts by allowing different uses at different times The Atmosphere Albedo High energy short wavelength electromagnetic radiation Montreal protocol The strengthening of the westward flowing equatorial Pacific Ocean current El Niňo A measure of the reflectivity of a surface Ozone International agreement that has controlled the release of ozone-depleting substances HCFCs The reversal of the equatorial Pacific Ocean current that normally flows westwards Stratosphere Triatomic oxygen Infiltration Hydrochlorofluorocarbons. A group of chemicals used to replace CFCs IR/Infra red energy The layer of the atmosphere in which UV is absorbed by the ozone layer Water entering the ground, flowing between the particles of soil or rock Troposphere Long wavelength electromagnetic radiation emitted by warm objects The international agreement intended to control emissions of greenhouse gases UV/Ultraviolet light The layer of the atmosphere below the stratosphere, from ground level to about 10km Kyoto protocol La Niňa The Hydrosphere Abstraction The collapse of the ground surface caused by undermining or a reduction in aquifer rock volume following the over-abstraction of groundwater Aerobic The removal of water from the location where it was found so it can be used Aquifer A process or organism that requires oxygen Infiltration An underground rock structure from which water is abstracted. It consists of porous, permeable rock such as sandstone or limestone Interception The process by which surface water enters the ground between the particles of soil or rock Pathogen Precipitation that does not reach the ground because it lands on vegetation Percolation An organism that causes disease Permeability The movement of water between the particles of soil or rock Porosity A measure of the rate at which a fluid, such as water, can flow through rock Potable A measure of the percentage of the volume of a rock that is space Transfer rate Water that is suitable for drinking Subsidence The volume of material moved from one reservoir to another in a set period of time The Lithosphere Adsorption Batholith The characteristics of a soil based on the proportions of sand, silt and clay The attachment of a material onto a surface Detritivore A large underground mass of solidified molten magma Solute Organism that feeds on dead organic matter, often in or on the soil Regolith A dissolved substance Homeostasis The solid rock particles left behind after weathering Soil structure The combined processes that maintain balance in a living organism or in the environment Residence time The characteristics of a soil based on the aggregation of soil particles into peds Gaia hypothesis The average length of time that a molecule remains in a reservoir Overburden A theory that considers the Earth to behave as a single self-regulating system Turbidity The unwanted material on top of the mineral deposit that is to be exploited Soil texture A measure of the cloudiness of water caused by suspended solid particles Energy Deplete The process of storing surplus energy to satisfy later peaks in demand Electrolysis To reduce the amount of a resource that is available Nonrenewable resource The splitting of molecules using electricity (lysis = splitting) Viscosity A resource which is renewed so slowly that the amount that is available for use is effectively finite Parabolic reflector The amount of energy in a particular mass of fuel or that can be harnessed by a particular mass of equipment Renewable resource A mirror system that reflects incoming light onto a single point Primary fuel A resource that is reformed relatively quickly Heliostat An energy source that can be harnessed from the environment Secondary fuel A measure of the ease with which a fluid can flow Kinetic energy A device that tracks the sun so the angle of incident sunlight stays the same Energy density An energy source that is produced by the conversion of a primary fuel Peak shaving The energy of movement Pollution Acoustic fatigue A measure of the rate at which a material breaks down and therefore the length of time it remains Turbidity Stress cracking of a material caused by repetitive vibrations induced by sound Bioaccumulation Secondary sewage treatment A measure of the cloudiness of a liquid caused by suspended solid particles Primary sewage The build up of a material in living organisms treatment Biomagnification The breakdown of the remaining organic matter in the fluids after primary sewage treatment Vitrification Liposolubility The progressive bioaccumulation of a material along a food chain The process of encapsulating high level radioactive waste in solid glass Electrostatic precipitator A measure of how easily a substance dissolves in fats and oils The removal of suspended particles from gaseous effluents by attracting them to electrically charged wires or plates Lapse rate diagram The removal of organic solids from fluids during sewage treatment Biodegradability A graph to show how temperature changes with altitude, often used to show temperature inversions Persistence The ease with which a material is broken down by living organisms, usually bacteria The Population: Resource balance Affluence An activity that can be carried out without making life more difficult for people in the future Extravagance A country with a higher level of economic development Per capita The level of richness or poverty Altruism Being unnecessarily wasteful LEDC Per person Agenda 21 Acting for the benefit of all or others Fairtrade goods A country with a lower level of economic development Food miles UN strategy resulting from the Rio Summit in 1992 FSC Items produced by people whose rate of pay ensures a basic standard of living Bushmeat A measure of the distance that food travels between producer and consumer MEDC The organisation that accredits sustainably managed forests Sustainable Food provided by hunting wild animals Agriculture Carrying capacity The growth of a single type of crop, usually over a large area Insolation The greatest population that can be supported sustainably in an area Genetic engineering Sunlight landing on a surface True-breeding variety The artificial insertion of genes from another organism, often of another species Intensive agriculture A variety of selectively bred organism where all members are genetically almost identical and produce similar offspring Edaphic Crop rotation Cloning The practice of growing a different crop in a field on a cycle of three, four or five years Micropropagation An artificial form of asexual reproduction Humus Artificial asexual reproduction where plants are grown from small pieces of plant tissue, eg pieces of leaf Aspect The colloidal material in soil that is the end product of the decomposition of dead organic matter Monoculture The direction something faces in relation to incoming sunlight Farming where high yields are achieved by using large inputs per unit area A factor related to soil Aquatic food production systems Photic layer The artificial production of aquatic organisms, including fish farming Phytoplankton The water layer into which light can penetrate Invertebrates with one or Crustaceans two hard shells eg oysters, clams, squid Upwelling Invertebrates with jointed limbs and an exoskeleton eg crabs and lobsters Demersal A water current that moves from deep water to the surface Living on the seabed eg cod and plaice Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) Free-floating photosynthetic organisms that drift with currents Pelagic The greatest amount that can be harvested sustainably Phosphates and nitrates By-catch Living near the water surface eg herring and tuna Nutrients that are often the Overfishing limiting factors on marine productivity Molluscs The non-target organisms that are caught when fishing Aquaculture Fishing above the MSY Forestry Canopy The process where trees are cut to ground level every few years. The regrowth produces long narrow stems Taiga The uppermost layer of vegetation in a forest Stratification The Northern conifer forest biome found in Canada, Scandinavia and Russia Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Layering, as seen with vegetation layers in forests Programme for An organisation that certifies sustainable forestry Belize (PfB) operations Deciduous Independent conservation organisation that manages the Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area in Belize, Central America The process of shedding all Carbon the leaves at the same time of sequestration a year Primary productivity The process by which plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store the carbon in wood and other plant tissues Understorey The energy captured during photosynthesis Climax community The layer of tree vegetation beneath the canopy layer Conifers The community of organisms at the end of ecological succession Coppicing Trees that produce their seeds in cones, eg pine, spruce and fir trees Sustainability Biocapacity Energy released by the joining of nuclei of small atoms, eg hydrogen Ecological footprint A measure of the biological productivity of an area The part of the ecological Carbon footprint caused by the sequestration release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases Tragedy of the Commons Any process that is used to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, such as afforestation or underground storage Rio Summit (1992) The lack of responsibility towards resources that are shared by everyone Ecological debt International summit intended to achieve plans for sustainable development Planned obsolescence An activity that can be carried out without making life more difficult for people in the future Landfill Tax The concept that the planet is being exploited at a faster rate than it can replace the resources we have used Carbon footprint The deliberate plan to make items that do not last as long as they could have, usually for commercial gain Nuclear Fusion Tax intended to reduce solid waste disposal in the ground The area of the Earth's surface Ecological debt that is needed to provide the day resources that are used by the human population and to deal with the wastes produced Sustainable The day on which it is estimated that the whole year's worth of resources have been used Practical Skills DAFOR scale Surber sampler Quadrat Transect Heterogenous Null hypothesis The factor which may be controlled by the independent variable ie the 'results' that are measured A qualitative scale that judges the abundance of organisms. Initials stand for: Dominant, Abundant, Frequent, Occasional, Rare An aquatic invertebrate sampling frame and net that provides more quantitative data than kick sampling An area, usually square or circular, in which samples are taken. The size of the area depends upon the organisms being studied Lincoln index The no-link theory against which the hypothesis is tested Tüllgren funnel A catch, mark, release, recapture method of estimating animal populations Secchi disc A piece of equipment used to extract invertebrates from soil or leaf litter Independent Variable A circular disc divided into four black and white segments that is used to estimate water turbidity Pitfall trap The factor that is deliberately altered or measured to see if it controls the dependent factor Dependent variable A method of sampling populations of mobile animals that live on the soil surface, by collecting individuals that fall into traps set into the ground A line or belt of sampling sites across an area Uneven, with local concentrations
