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Download • Monotheistic • Islam: “Submission to Allah
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Islam • • • • Monotheistic Islam: “Submission to Allah” Prophets:________,______,_______, _______ Muhammad was “Seal of the Prophets” Muhammad • Born (570 C.E.) • Orphan raised by uncle (576 C.E.) • Married well and became a __________ who traveled and traded. (595 C.E.) Came into contact with _____ and ________________. Revelation • Muhammad was _____ years old. • Fasting in a cave on the slopes of Mount Mira near city of _______. • Angel Gabriel commanded him to ____________the message from __________. • Muhammad’s words were later memorized and written down as the ____________. Koran/Qur’an • Word of God- foundation of Islamic life • “_____________”- not “corrupted” like Torah and New Testament. • Should be read in _____________. • Celebrated during Muslim holy month of ____________. Shari’a • Koran does not cover all circumstances in detail • Shari’a are comments by revered clerics on the words and actions (and silences) of Muhammad and his companions and are accepted as a living commentary of the meaning of the Koran and how it should be applied. • Dietary law, crimes and punishments, daily life From Mecca to Medina • Muhammad was chased out of Mecca • Fled to Medina in the __________ (622 CE.) This becomes _______ ___ in the Muslim calendar. • Gained converts and established an Islamic community; Muhammad was both __________ and __________ leader. Muhammad Returns to Mecca • After many battles, he returned to Mecca in 628 C.E. and smashed the _______ in the _________. • Granted amnesty to all but his most fierce rivals. • United the Arabian tribes under one god, _______and one law, ________. • Allowed Jews & Christians freedom of worship as “_____________ of the __________.” Night Journey • • • • One of the greatest events in the prophet’s life was his Night Journey , when he was carried from ________ to ________________ and from there made the Mi’raj, the ascent through the heavens to God’s presence, before returning home in the morning. Gabriel was there but had to avert his eyes Rode the Buraq- a horse-like beast with a woman’s head Happened on the site of the ________________________ Shrine in Jerusalem. Muhammad dies • Died at age 62. ( 632 C.E.) • No ______ __________. Branches of Islam After Muhammad’s death, controversy arose over who should lead the Muslim empire • 1st Caliph was Abu Bakr his father-in law and friend • 4th Caliph (656 C.E.) was Ali, his son-in law who had married Muhammad’s daughter Fatimah • Islam split after this – Shiite = leader should be ____________________________ – Sunni = leader should be ____________________________ 1st Pillar: Shahada Public Proclamation of Faith: “There is no god but God, and __________________ is the messenger of God” Its words are chanted daily in the Adhan, the call to prayer. 2nd Pillar: Salat • Prayer: Muslims must perform prayers 5 times a day while facing the _________ in ____________. • Dawn, mid-day, afternoon, at sunset, and in the evening • A set ritual of bowing, kneeling, and prostrating, accompanied by calls to god and recitations of parts of the Koran. • A prayer mat will be used to help a Muslim perform prayers in a clean space 3rd Pillar: Sawm • Fasting: During the daylight hours during the holy month of Ramadan. • Experience discipline and the deprivation of the poor • Ramadan ends with _____________, the festival of the breaking of the fast. It is a feast and festival when _______ are exchanged. 4th Pillar: Zakat • Almsgiving- gifts to the poor or charitable causes • Traditionally this should amount to ________ of your wealth • Often this is done during ‘Id al-Fitr. 5th Pillar: Hajj • Pilgrimage to Mecca in the 12th Islamic month • All healthy Muslims should try to do it once in their lifetime. • All are dressed in a ______ __________. • There are many different ceremonies to perform during the Hajj. The Ka’ba • • • During the Hajj pilgrims will make____ counter-clockwise circuits of the Ka’ba The sacred ________ ___________is built into the southeastern most corner of the shrine near the door. Muslims believe the stone was given to _________by the Angel Gabriel and then later _________________put it into the rebuilt Ka’ba. It was originally pure white but has been turned black by human sins. Day of Judgment All humans will see a day of judgment and will be held accountable on how they have used the gift of life. God determines all things, but humans are held responsible for acquiring the possibilities that god creates for them. Presence of God • God is supreme but not remote. • “He is closer than the vein in your neck” (Sura 50:16) • Muslims live with the presence of god at all times, and are especially close in daily prayer. Misconceptions of Islam • • • Jihad is often translated “_______ _____” but it can also mean “___________ __________” against evil in oneself. Not all Muslims are Arabs or live in the Middle East (Turks, Persians, Africans, Asians). _____________has largest Muslim population in world Clash of cultures, not just religions: Traditional v. Modern – materialism, alcoholism, crime, obesity, immodesty Islamic World View