Download AP Biology Chapter 46 Take Home Quiz

AP Biology Chapter 46 Take Home Quiz
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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Regeneration, the regrowth of lost body parts, normally follows
A) all types of sexual reproduction.
B) fragmentation.
C) all types of asexual reproduction.
D) parthenogenesis.
E) fission.
1)
2) An advantage of asexual reproduction is that
A) asexual reproduction enhances genetic variability in the species.
B) asexual reproduction allows a species to readily rid itself of harmful mutations.
C) asexual reproduction enables the species to rapidly colonize habitats that are favorable to that
species.
D) asexual reproduction produces offspring that respond effectively to new pathogens.
E) asexual reproduction allows the species to endure long periods of unstable environmental
conditions.
2)
3) Genetic mutations in asexually reproducing organisms lead to more evolutionary change than do
genetic mutations in sexually reproducing ones because
A) asexually reproducing organisms, but not sexually reproducing organisms, pass all mutations
to their offspring.
B) asexually reproducing organisms devote more time and energy to the process of reproduction
than do sexually reproducing organisms.
C) asexually reproducing organisms have more dominant genes than organisms that reproduce
sexually.
D) sexually reproducing organisms can produce more offspring in a given time than can
sexually reproducing organisms.
E) more genetic variation is present in organisms that reproduce asexually than is present in
those that reproduce sexually.
3)
4) Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction
A) when there is some potential for rapid overpopulation.
B) when pathogens are rapidly diversifying.
C) when a species is in stable and favorable environments.
D) when a species is expanding into diverse geographic settings.
E) when a species has accumulated numerous deleterious mutations.
4)
5) Sexual reproduction
A) allows animals to conserve resources and reproduce only during optimal conditions.
B) guarantees that both parents will provide care for each offspring.
C) yields more numerous offspring more rapidly than is possible with asexual reproduction.
D) enables males and females to remain isolated from each other while rapidly colonizing
habitats.
E) can produce diverse phenotypes that may enhance survival of a population in a changing
environment.
5)
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6) Environmental cues that influence the timing of reproduction generally do so by
A) increasing the body temperature.
B) direct effects on hormonal control mechanisms.
C) providing access to water for external fertilization.
D) increasing ambient temperature to that which is comfortable for sex.
E) direct effects on gonadal structures.
6)
7) Evidence that parthenogenic whiptail lizards are derived from sexually reproducing ancestors
includes
A) the observation that all of the offspring are haploid.
B) the persistence of a vestigial penis among some of the females.
C) dependence on favorable weather conditions for ovulation to occur.
D) the development and then regression of testes prior to sexual maturation.
E) the requirement for male-like behaviors in some females before their partners will ovulate.
7)
8) In close comparisons, external fertilization often yields more offspring than does internal
fertilization, but internal fertilization offers the advantage that
A) it permits the most rapid population increase.
B) it requires less time and energy to be devoted to reproduction.
C) it is the only way to ensure the survival of the species.
D) it requires expression of fewer genes and maximizes genetic stability.
E) the smaller number of offspring produced often receive a greater amount of parental
investment.
8)
9) A cloaca is an anatomical structure found in many nonmammalian vertebrates, which functions as
A) a common exit for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems.
B) a source of nutrients for developing sperm in the testes.
C) a region bordered by the labia minora and clitoris in females.
D) a specialized sperm-transfer device produced by males.
E) a gland that secretes mucus to lubricate the vaginal opening.
9)
10) Chemical signals exchanged between potential reproductive partners are called
A) paracrine signals.
B) cytokines.
C) pheromones.
D) gametes.
E) hormones.
10)
11) In humans, the follicular cells that remain behind in the ovary following ovulation become
A) swept into the fallopian tube.
B) ovarian endometrium shed at the time of menses.
C) the thickened portion of the uterine wall.
D) the placenta, which secretes cervical mucus.
E) a steroid-hormone synthesizing structure called the corpus luteum.
11)
12) Testosterone is synthesized primarily by the
A) anterior pituitary gland.
B) Leydig cells.
C) hypothalamus.
D) sperm cells.
E) seminiferous tubules.
12)
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13) Sperm cells are stored within human males in the
A) prostate.
B) bulbourethral gland.
C) seminal vesicles.
D) urethra.
E) epididymis.
13)
14) Human sperm cells first arise in the
A) Sertoli cells.
B) prostate gland.
C) vas deferens.
D) epididymis.
E) seminiferous tubules.
14)
15) At the time of fertilization, the complete maturation of each oogonium has resulted in
A) four primary oocytes.
B) two primary oocytes.
C) four zygotes.
D) one secondary oocyte.
E) four secondary oocytes.
15)
16) In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ, in that
A) oogenesis produces four haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one
functional spermatozoon.
B) spermatogenesis is not completed until after fertilization occurs, but oogenesis is completed
by the time a girl is born.
C) cytokinesis is unequal in oogenesis, whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis.
D) oogenesis ends at menopause, whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth.
E) oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity, whereas spermatogenesis happens in
embryonic development.
16)
17) Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that
A) they are approximately the same size.
B) they each have a flagellum that provides motility.
C) they both have the same number of chromosomes.
D) they are formed before birth.
E) they are produced from puberty until death.
17)
18) A male's "primary" sex characteristics include
A) embryonic differentiation of the seminal vesicles.
B) onset of growth of facial hair at puberty.
C) growth of skeletal muscle.
D) deepening of the voice at puberty.
E) elongation of the skeleton prior to puberty.
18)
19) The breakdown and discharge of the soft uterine tissues that occurs if no egg is fertilized is called
A) menstruation.
B) lactation.
C) ovulation.
D) menopause.
E) fertilization.
19)
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20) In correct chronological order, the three phases of the ovarian cycle are
A) menstrual proliferative secretory
B) follicular ovulation luteal
C) follicular luteal
secretory
D) proliferative luteal ovulation
E) menstrual ovulation
luteal
20)
21) In correct chronological order, the three phases of the uterine cycle are
A) proliferative luteal ovulation
B) follicular luteal
secretory
C) menstrual ovulation
luteal
D) menstrual proliferative secretory
E) follicular ovulation luteal
21)
22) This hormone is secreted directly from a structure in the brain:
A) estradiol
B) testosterone
C) progesterone
D) gonadotropin-releasing hormone
E) follicle stimulating hormone
22)
23) The primary function of the corpus luteum is to
A) produce prolactin in the alveoli.
B) nourish and protect the egg cell.
C) maintain progesterone and estrogen synthesis after ovulation has occurred.
D) support pregnancy in the second and third trimesters.
E) stimulate the development of the mammary glands.
23)
24) Ovulation is the follicular response to a burst of secretion of
A) inhibin.
B) LH.
C) estradiol.
D) progesterone.
E) prolactin.
24)
25) A function-disrupting mutation in the progesterone receptor gene would likely result in
A) the absence of pituitary gonadotropin hormones.
B) the inability of the uterus to support pregnancy.
C) the absence of mammary gland development.
D) the absence of secondary sex characteristics.
E) enlarged and hyperactive uterine endometrium.
25)
26) For normal human fertilization to occur,
A) the uterus must be enlarged.
B) only one sperm need penetrate one egg.
C) secretion of pituitary FSH and LH must decrease.
D) many ova must be released.
E) the secondary oocyte must implant in the uterus.
26)
27) Fertilization of human eggs usually takes place in the
A) vagina.
B) cervix.
C) oviduct.
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D) uterus.
E) ovary.
27)
28) A reliable "marker" that a pregnancy has initiated, and that is detectable in excreted urine, is
A) estrogen.
B) follicle-stimulating hormone.
C) hypothalamus releasing factors.
D) chorionic gonadotropin.
E) progesterone.
28)
29) The secretion of follicle stimulating hormone from the pituitary is reduced by
A) vasopressin.
B) oxytocin.
C) prolactin.
D) luteinizing hormone.
E) inhibin.
29)
30) A woman in the final week of pregnancy who is given an injection of oxytocin would likely
A) undergo the loss of oxytocin receptors from her uterine smooth muscle cells.
B) increase the synthesis and secretion of progesterone.
C) stop secreting prostaglandins from the placenta.
D) be prevented from lactation.
E) undergo vigorous contractions of her uterine muscles.
30)
31) The "immunotolerance" of a pregnant woman toward her unborn child is the result of
A) modern medical intervention during every pregnancy.
B) the tenacity with which the unborn child's immune system counteracts the woman's immune
system.
C) the relative quiescence of a pregnant woman's immune system compared to when she was
not pregnant.
D) the complete physical separation from her cells and those of the unborn child.
E) the unborn child having enough of the woman's identity so as to escape detection as foreign.
31)
32) A thin layer of the developing embryo that secretes the hormone that keeps the corpus luteum
functioning is
A) plasma membrane.
B) amnion.
C) endometrium.
D) chorion.
E) cervix.
32)
33) This embryonic hormone maintains progesterone and estrogen secretion by the corpus luteum
through the first trimester of pregnancy:
A) progesterone
B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
D) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
E) luteinizing hormone (LH)
33)
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34) The hormone progesterone is produced
A) in the uterus and acts directly on the pituitary.
B) in the uterus and acts directly on the pituitary.
C) in the pituitary and acts directly on the uterus.
D) in the pituitary and acts directly on the ovary.
E) in the ovary and acts directly on the uterus.
34)
35) Females of many insect species, including honeybee queens, can store gametes shed by their mating
partners in
A) the abdominal tract.
B) the cloaca.
C) the uterus.
D) their nests.
E) the spermatheca.
35)
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