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a social and political system based on a strict social class system and obligation.
Feudalism exists in places where the central government is weak.
Feudal systems existed in Europe in the Middle
Ages, Hinduism in India, Japan and Latin America
Often asked about together on the exam
MEDIEVAL EUROPE / MIDDLE AGES AND THE CRUSADES
FEUDAL PYRAMID –
People in the Middle Ages were born into their social class and could not move out of it.
Roman Catholic Church –
Church was the highest power in society and
the center of life on the manor.
People in the Middle Ages were very religious.
Nobility, Gives land (fiefs) to Lords in return for loyalty
KING
LORDS /
NOBLES
KNIGHTS
SERFS (PEASANTS)
Landowners, gave the serfs protection in
exchange for loyalty, land to work and taxes
Warriors on Horseback, followed a code of
behavior known as chivalry – the code
told to be brave, loyal, true to their word,
protect and treat women with respect
Workers, Exchanged the Lord loyalty
for protection from invaders, serfs
were bound to the land and could not
leave the manor without permission
Feudal society is based on OBLIGATION.
Lord to Serf:
Protection
Land
Serf to Lord:
Loyalty
Service
People in the Medieval Europe lived on MANORS.
Manorialism an economic system that existed in Medieval Europe structured around a Lord’s
estate. The manor includes a village and the land surrounding it ;
the buildings include the Lord’s castle, a church, a mill and the serf’s homes.
MANORS ARE SELF-SUFFICIENT;
Everything they need to live is supplied on the manor.
Fall of the Feudal system was because of the …..
Bubonic Plague (Black Death) – In the 1300s rats with fleas carrying the plague
on trading ships. The plagued killed 25 million people (1/3 of Europe’s population) over 5 years.
The effects of the plague include a labor shortage and the rise of cities.
CRUSADES
“Holy Wars” – a series of wars that started when
Pope Urban II called upon all Christians to fight to
recapture the Holy Land, Jerusalem, from the Muslims
Men fought in the Crusades because they wanted to see new places and it was believe that if you
died fighting in the Crusades, you would go straight to heaven.
EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES
INCREASED TRADE:
As Europeans began
to travel the demand
for new goods grew
CULTURAL
DIFFUSION:
Europeans got exposure
to new ideas and goods
GROWTH OF
INTOLERANCE:
Hatred between Christians
and Muslims grew
due to the wars
Feudalism is a social and political system based on a strict social class system and obligation.
Feudalism exists in places where the central government is weak (also know as a decentralized government).
Japan developed a
feudal system which
was similar to the
European system.
Often seen on the exam with European Feudalism - example:
8. Feudalism influenced Europe and Japan by
(1)providing social stability
(2)fostering the growth of religion
(3)eliminating warfare
(4) encouraging formal education
Basically …
The shogun (like the king) ruled the country through the daimyo (like the nobles), who
were the heads of the samurai (like the knights). Peasants worked the land in exchange for
protection by samurai, who operated under a code of conduct known as bushido (like chivalry).
Again, just like in Europe, Japanese society was organized under a rigid class system
with no social mobility that was based on OBLIGATION.
Bushido means
“the way of the
warrior”
A way of life for a
Samurai; they promised
to be loyal, brave and
honorable.
Emperor
The Emperor controlled the country by
name, but powerful warrior nobles
actually controlled the country
Shoguns
Top military commanders who held
the real power in Japan; they set up
dynasties and distributed land
Daimyo
Samurai
Peasants and Merchants
Vassal lords, they received land in
exchange for a promise to support the
Shogun with their armies when needed
Name means “those who serve”, received and
from Daimyo in exchange for loyalty and
lived by a strict code of conduct called bushido
Farmers, weapon makers and
artisans who worked for the samurai
in exchange for protection
The Tokugawa Shoguns maintained an ethnocentric policy toward the outside world.
However, cultural influences from China did migrate to Japan down the Korean Peninsula.
Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
1
Most economic activities on this feudal manor were related to
(1) guilds
(3) banking
(2) industry
(4) agriculture
2
Which economic concept can be inferred from this diagram?
(1) self-sufficiency (3) trade embargo
(2) inflation
(4) competition
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096–1291) was to
(1) establish Christianity in western Europe
(2) capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers
(3) unite warring Arab peoples
(4) strengthen English dominance in the Arab world
3
4
During the early Middle Ages, western European societies were most influenced by
(1) national monarchies
(2) the Roman Catholic Church
(3) elected parliaments
(4) the Byzantine emperors
5
Feudalism influenced Europe and Japan by
(1) providing social stability
(2) fostering the growth of religion
(3) eliminating warfare
(4) encouraging formal education
Base your answer to question 6 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.
6
Which area of Europe was least affected by the Black Death?
(1) southwestern Europe
(3) eastern Europe
(2) Mediterranean Coast
(4) British Isles
7
The feudal systems in both medieval Europe and early Japan were characterized by
(1) a decentralized political system
(2) religious diversity
(3) an increased emphasis on education
(4) the development of a wealthy middle class
8
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
(1) development of a European middle class
(2) increase in European demand for Eastern goods
(3) European renewal of Interest in learning
(4) European involvement in the Crusades
9
One result of the Crusades was an increase in trade between the Middle East and
(1) East Asia
(3) North America
(2) Africa
(4) Europe
Base your answers to questions 10 and 11 on the illustration below.
10
The illustration represents a society based on
(1) social class
(2) educational achievement
(3) accumulated wealth
(4) political ability
11
This illustration suggests that the European feudal system was
(1) designed to promote political and economic equality
(2) controlled by a powerful middle class
(3) intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
(4) supported by the labor of the peasants
------------------------------------------------------------------------One way in which the code of chivalry in Europe and the code of Bushido in Japan were
similar is that both codes were intended to
(1) help the ruler control his people
(2) guide the behavior of a warrior class
(3) benefit all the social classes
(4) support revolutionary ideas
12
13
During the early Middle Ages, western European societies were most influenced by
(1) national monarchies
(2) the Roman Catholic Church
(3) elected parliaments
(4) the Byzantine emperors
14
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of the
(1) Crusades and eastern Mediterranean trading networks
(2) merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
(3) Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
(4) conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along the Silk Road
15
A direct result of the Crusades was that
(1) the pope lost control of the Church
(2) Europeans increased their demands for goods from the East
(3) Christians gained permanent control of the Holy Land
(4) nobles gained power over the monarchs
Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the quotation below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
“With sincere heart and unpretended faith I [reject] . . . , and detest
the aforesaid errors and heresies [of Copernicus] and also every
other error . . . contrary to the Holy Church, and I swear that in the
future I will never again say or assert . . . anything that might
cause a similar suspicion toward me.”
— Galileo
16
The best explanation as to why Galileo made this statement is that he
(1) was a strong supporter of Church doctrine
(2) feared that the Church might excommunicate him
(3) had lost faith in the teachings of science
(4) wanted to advance his ideas through the Church
17
The historical issue referred to in this quotation is the conflict between
(1) privileged upper classes and exploited lower classes
(2) 16th-century Protestants and Catholics
(3) city-states and nation-states
(4) established institutions and new ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18
19
20
The caste system in India and the feudal system in Europe were similar in that both
(1) provided structure for society
(2) developed concepts of natural rights
(3) established totalitarian governments
(4) promoted peace and prosperity
“The Peace of God declared that feudal warfare could not take place on church
property, and it promised sanctuary in churches and abbeys to fugitives from
combat. The Truce of God forbade fighting from Wednesday evening until Monday
morning, on holidays, and during the religious seasons of Christmas and Lent. . . .”
— Medieval and Early Modern Times
This quotation implies that
(1) the church had considerable political power during this time
(2) war was limited to religious holidays
(3) religion was dictated by feudal law
(4) landlords determined when warfare took place
The histories of the serfs in medieval Europe, the harijans in traditional India, and the native
population in colonial Latin America are similar in that each group
(1) used political power to improve living conditions
(2) successfully revolted against rulers
(3) was socially mobile
(4) had little or no political power
21
22
23
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe during the
Middle Ages?
(1) The Church encouraged individuals to question authority.
(2) Church leaders were only involved in spiritual activities.
(3) The Church gained influence as people became more interested in secular affairs.
(4) The Church provided a sense of stability, unity and order.
“. . . Christian warriors, He who gave His life for you, today demands yours in
return. These are combats worthy of you, combats in which it is glorious to conquer
and advantageous to die. Illustrious knights, generous defenders of the Cross,
remember the examples of your fathers who conquered Jerusalem, and whose
names are inscribed in Heaven; abandon then the things that perish, to gather
unfading palms, and conquer a Kingdom which has no end.”
— St. Bernard of Clairvaux
This statement was most likely used to encourage people to
(1) repel a Viking invasion
(2) stop advancement of the Huns in Europe
(3) join the Crusades
(4) force Russians to convert to Catholicism
Which heading would be best for the partial outline below?
(1) Reasons for the Reformation
(2) European Motives for Fighting the Crusades
(3) Causes of the Fall of the Roman Empire
(4) Reasons for the Split Between the Eastern and Western Churches
24
The caste system in India and the feudal system in Europe were similar in that both
(1) provided structure for society
(2) developed concepts of natural rights
(3) established totalitarian governments
(4) promoted peace and prosperity
25
Which historical events are in the correct chronological order?
(1) Crusades - Renaissance - Neolithic Revolution - Roman Empire
(2) Roman Empire - Neolithic Revolution - Crusades - Renaissance
(3) Renaissance - Neolithic Revolution - Crusades - Roman Empire
(4) Neolithic Revolution - Roman Empire - Crusades - Renaissance