Download Ch. 28 Infectious Diseases

A lesson for the 8th grade
student
Kayla Shinneman, Amber Carney, Alicia McMannon, Takara
Campbell, Robin Manzella
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What will you learn?
• Causes of infectious diseases
– Who, What, Where?
• Common infectious diseases
– Bacterial
– Viral
• Preventing infectious diseases
– Active immunity
– Passive immunity
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Infectious Diseases
• “Disease caused by
organisms that enter
the human body and
multiply.”
• The history
– Since the beginning
of time.
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What is the cause?
• Most infections are caused by pathogens.
• Pathogens live on all surfaces
• Can spread through many different
vectors and vehicles.
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5 Causes
1. Bacterial
2. Viral
3. Fungi
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4. Protozoan
5. Rickettsias
The Virus vs. The Bacteria
Bacterial
• Most are harmless
• Causes most respiratory
illnesses
• Can be cured
by antibiotics
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Viral
• Causes the most
illnesses
• Causes most forms of
the common cold
• Cannot be cured by
antibiotics
Spreading it around
• Direct Contact
• Indirect Contact
• Animals
• Vectors
• Vehicles
• Inanimate Objects
• Environment
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Getting Sick is Never Fun
• Common Cold
• Influenza
• Tuberculosis
• Strep Throat
• Encephalitis
• Meningitis
• Mononucleosis
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Common Cold
• What is it?
– Infection of your upper respiratory tract (nose &
throat)
• How did I get it?
– Droplets in the air
– Hand-to-Hand contact
– Handling Contaminated Objects
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Common Cold
• What are the symptoms?
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Appear 1 to 3 days after exposure to cold virus.
Runny or Stuffy Nose
Sneezing
Sore Throat
Cough
Congestion
Low Grade Fever (Up to 102 F)
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Common Cold
• How do I treat it?
–
–
–
–
–
No cure
Antibiotics do not treat cold viruses
Pain Relievers
Decongestant Nasal Sprays
Cough Syrups
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Influenza (The Flu)
What is it?
• Viral infection of the
respiratory tract (nose,
throat, bronchial tubes,
lungs)
How did I get it?
• Spread through droplets
in the air
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What are the symptoms?
• High grade fever (101 F)
• Chills and Sweats
• Dry Cough
• Headache
• Body aches & weakness
• Congestion
Influenza (The Flu)
• How do I treat it?
– Bed Rest
– Plenty of fluids
– Antiviral Medications
may be prescribed by
doctor
– Get your flu shot!!!
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Tuberculosis
• What is it?
– Bacterial infection that affects your lungs
– TB infection vs. active TB
– Very dangerous! (active TB)
• How did I get it?
– Highly contagious (active TB)
– Spread through droplets in the air
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Tuberculosis
What are the symptoms
• TB infection:
– No symptoms
– Not contagious
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• Active TB:
– Cough lasting 3 or more
weeks
– Pain with breathing &
coughing
– Slight Fever
– Unexplained weight loss
– Chills
– Night Sweats
Tuberculosis
• How do I treat it?
• TB infection:
– TB medication INH used for 6-9 months
• Active TB:
– Several TB medications
– Hospitalization
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Strep Throat
• What is it?
– Bacterial throat
infection
• How did I get it?
– Streptococcal bacteria
– Highly contagious
– Bacteria spread
through droplets in air
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• What are the
symptoms?
– Sore throat
– Red, swollen tonsils
– Swollen, tender lymph
glands (in neck)
– Fever
– Headache
Strep Throat
• How do I treat it?
– Antibiotics
•Chapter
Treating
strep is very important!
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Encephalitis
• What is it?
– Viral infection causing inflammation of the brain
– Can be life-threatening
• How did I get it?
– Insects
– Other viruses
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Encephalitis
• What are the
symptoms?
–
–
–
–
–
–
Drowsiness
Seizures
Sudden Fever
Severe Headache
Nausea and Vomiting
Stiff neck
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• How do I treat it?
– Mild infections:
•Rest, healthy diet,
plenty of fluids
– More severe
infections:
•anti-viral drugs
Meningitis
• What is it?
– Inflammation of the meninges
– Can be viral or bacterial
– Meningococcal Meningitis
• How did I get it?
– Spread through air droplets and direct contact with
an infected person
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Meningitis
• What are the symptoms?
–
–
–
–
–
–
High fever
Severe headache
Vomiting and nausea
Seizures
Confusion
Sleepiness
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Meningitis
• How do I treat it?
– Meningococcal Vaccine
available!
– Bacterial meningitis:
•Immediate treatment
VERY
IMPORTANT
•Requires IV
antibiotics
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Mononucleosis
• What is it?
– Mono- “The Kissing Disease”
– Virus
• How did I get it?
– Virus is transmitted through saliva
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Mononucleosis
• What are the
symptoms?
–
–
–
–
Weakness
Sore throat
Fever
Swollen lymph nodes
& tonsils
– Skin rash
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• How do I treat it?
– Bed Rest
– Plenty of fluids
Lets Experiment with
Each Other
•WARNING: Do Not sniff, drink, or spill
the liquid in your cups!
• Follow instructions carefully.
• Have fun!
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How?
• Active Immunity
– Life long immunity
– Developed over time
•Ex:
– Disease A:
Chicken Pox
– Bacteria A
– Bacteria Aa
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• Passive Immunity
– Temporary immunity
•Few months
– Mother to baby
Vaccines
•3 major types
– Live Virus
•Made from weakened
virus strain
– Killed Virus
•Cause body to produce
antibodies
– Toxoids
•Destroys toxic properties
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Impact of Meningitis
Vaccine
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It’s Common Sense!
• Never share your
• Always wash your
toothbrush
hands
• The “five second
• Keep your house clean
rule” does not exist.
• If some is sick do not: • Cook food
– Kiss
completely
– Hug
• Maintain healthy diet
– Be in close contact
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Community Resources
• Alachua County Health Department
224 SE 24th St.
Gainesville, FL 32641
(352)334-7900
• School Nurse
• American Red Cross
1724 NE 2nd St
Gainesville, FL 32609
(352) 376-4669
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