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Name: ______________________________________ Date: _______________ Period: _______ Classification/Taxonomy 1. Taxonomy is the science of grouping and naming organisms based on _________________________ _______Shared characteristics; their shape and structure______________________________________ Contributions to Classification/Taxonomy: Aristotle Linnaeus - First to classify living things - Founded modern taxonomy - Divided living things into 2 groups (animals and plants) - Classify living things based on shape and structure - Swedish scientist (1700s) - System used today is similar 2. Put the taxa in the correct order from largest (most kinds of organisms) to smallest (one kind of organism) CLASS, DOMAIN, GENUS, FAMILY, KINGDOM, ORDER, PHYLUM, SPECIES _______________Domain______________________ ________________Kingdom_____________________ ______________Phylum________________________ ________________Class________________________ _______________Order________________________ ______________Family_________________________ ______________Genus_________________________ ______________Species________________________ 3. Members of the same ___Species________ can mate and produce fertile offspring. 4. Taxonomists use a two part naming system to identify an organism. The scientific name of an organism is the ___genus_______ and _____species_________ of the organism. 5. This system of naming is called___taxonomy (Binomal Nomenclature)______________ Domains: The tree of life groups all living organisms based on evolutionary relationships into large, inclusive groups, primarily based on the presence or absence of a nucleus within the cell. The largest taxonomic group is called the domain. The two groups of prokaryotic organisms are so different from each other that they are grouped into different domains. So the original concept that all bacteria (prokaryotic organisms) should be classified in the same kingdom (called Monera) has been altered. The three domains are: Archea (prokaryotic), Bacteria (prokaryotic) and Eukarya (includes the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia). Characteristics of the Different Kingdoms Use the word bank to put the information in the correct kingdom categories on the following page. (Terms may be used more than once) Cell Number: Unicellular or multicellular Cell type: Prokaryotic or eukaryotic, Cell Walls or No Cell Walls Nutrition: How does it get food/nutrients? (chemosynthesis, photosynthesis, absorbs nutrients from dead or decaying animals, depends on plants for food) Locomotion: How does it move? Does it move? Examples: List as many examples from the kingdom as you can (oak tree, moss, eagle, sulfolobus, yeast, slime molds, moss, sponge, human, streptococcus, cordyceps, mushrooms, grass, thermophiles, staphylococcus aureus, euglenoids, mildew, jellyfish, E. coli) cell number Kingdom: Archeabacteria (previously Monera) Unicellular Examples: cell type and description nutrition Prokaryotic locomotion NONE cell number Kingdom: Eubacteria (previously Monera) Unicellular Examples: Chemosynthesis cell type and description nutrition Prokaryotic locomotion NONE Chemosynthesis Sulfolobus Thermophiles Bacteria E. coli Streptococcus Yeast Stahylococcus aureus Bacteria Kingdom: Protista (protists) cell number Unicellular or Simple multicellular Examples: cell type and description nutrition Eukaryotic locomotion Flagella Slime molds Algae Euglenoids Amoeba Parmecia Kingdom: Fungi cell number Multicellular Examples: Eukaryotic Mushrooms Cordyceps Mildew Mold cell type and description nutrition locomotion Heterotrophic/Autotrophic Absorbs nutrients from dead or decaying organisms NONE Kingdom: Plantae (plants) cell number Multicellular cell type and description nutrition Eukaryotic and HAS cell walls locomotion NONE Photosynthesis Kingdom: Animalia (animals) cell number Multicellular cell type and description nutrition Eukaryotic and NO cell walls locomotion Multiple modes of locomotion Depends on plants for food Examples: Moss Oak Tree Flowers Grass Ferns Examples: Humans Jellyfish Earthworm Lions Eagle Sponge Horse Classification Worksheet For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B. Column A Column B D 1. The grouping of objects or information based on similarities. A. Aristotle F 2. The system that gives each organism two names. B. Linnaeus A 3. Developed the first method of classification, based on habitat. C. Genus E 4. The branch of biology in which organisms are grouped and named. D. Classification C 5. Consists of a group of related species. E. Taxonomy B 6. Designed a system to classify organisms based on similarities in body structures F. Binomial Nomenclature and life cycle (development). Examine the table showing the classification of four organisms. Then answer the questions. Taxon House Cat Mountain Lion Domestic Dog Human Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis domesticus Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis concolor Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Canidae Canis familiaris Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens 7. Which two organisms are most closely related? ___House cat and mountain lion___________ 8. What three taxa do all four organisms have in common? _______Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia________________ 9. Which taxon includes organisms that have hair or fur and produce milk? ____Mammalia_______ 10. Which taxon includes animals with backbones? ____Chordata__________ 11. Write the scientific name for each of the organisms above. ___Felis domesticus, Felis concodor, Canis familiaris, Homo sapiens______ Classification Review Questions: 1. __D__ Earthworms, hydras, grasshoppers and humans all belong to the same (a) genus (b) species (c) phylum (d) kingdom 2. __D__ Within which category do the organisms show the least variation in characteristics? (a) phylum (b) class (c) family (d) species 3. __C__ The scientific name of any organism consists of its… (a) phylum and class (b) family and order (c) genus and species (d) species and class 4. __C__ Canis familiaris (the dog) and Canis latrans (the coyote) are members of the same… (a) kingdom, but different phyla (b) phylum, but different kingdoms (c) genus, but different species (d) order, but different classes 5. __A__ Use your text book or other resource to answer the following two questions. Animals that have a dorsal nerve cord (spinal cord) are classified as (a) chordates (b) annelids (c) arthropods (d) coelenterates 6. Provide an example of each kind of organism mentioned above. chordate annelid arthropod Hedgehog Earthworm Crab coelenterate Jellyfish 7. __D__ Which of the following organisms are members of the Protist Kingdom? (a) mosses and ferns (b) jellyfish and hydras (c) earthworms and leeches (d) paramecia and euglenas 8. __A__ According to the modern, 6 Kingdom system of classification, which two are classified as plants? (a) ferns and maple trees (b) fungi and slime molds (c) algae and fungi (d) pine trees and slime molds 9. __D__ The proper order for the classification of organisms is (a) kingdom, phylum, species, genus (c) phylum, kingdom, species, genus (b) kingdom, species, phylum, genus (d) kingdom, phylum, genus, species 10. __D__ In which group would there be the greatest similarity between members in terms of structure and function? (a) genus (b) kingdom (c) phylum (d) species