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Grade 11 College Biology – Unit 4 Vascular Plants: Major Organs Organ Function Root • • • • • • Absorbs water and minerals Transports water and minerals to the stem Anchors the plant Absorbs oxygen from the soil Stores sugar In some legumes, provides a MUTUALISTIC SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP with bacteria that convert nitrogen gas to ammonia. This is called FIXATION which puts nitrogen into a form used by plants Leaf • • • • Absorbs carbon dioxide from the environment Stores some water (especially succulent plants such as cactus) Traps light to perform photosynthesis (i.e., CHLOROPLASTS) Provides site for PHOTOSYNTHESIS, a chemical reaction in which plants convert radiant energy (light energy) into chemical energy (food energy or more specifically, glucose) and CELLULAR RESPIRATION, the chemical reaction in which chemical energy (glucose) is converted into usable energy for the plant. Releases excess water to the environment OR prevents water loss • Stem • • • • • Supports the upper part of the plant Transports water and minerals to the leaves Transports sugar to the roots Serves as storage site for food Production of new living tissue (Stems have cells called MERISTEMS that annually generate new living tissue). Reproductive Organs • • Produces seeds or spores Within seeds, contains an embryonic plant and food source (cotyledon) for a new plant to grow May have flowers to attract insects or birds to aid in fertilization • This diagram illustrates some of the major functions with respect to food production, transport and storage of three of the four primary parts of the plant: (1) roots, (2) stem and (3) leaves. Recall the formula for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy --> 6O2 + C6H12O6 C6H12O6 is glucose Grade 11 College Biology – Unit 4 Parts of a Plant Label the Diagram