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COLD WAR TERMS (Teacher) revised 3-27 1st
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1.
38th Parallel
Dividing line between North and South
Korea
2.
Agent Orange
A chemical herbicide used to clear jungle
growth in the Vietnam War so the U.S. had
a more of a fair fighting chance.
3.
Alger Hiss
A former State Department official who was
accused of being a Communist spy and was
convicted of perjury
4.
ARVN
South Vietnam's military
5.
Baby Boom-
this is the name for the time period where
there was a huge growth in population as
millions of babies were born in the years
following the end of World War II.
6.
Bay of Pigs -
in 1961 a force of 1,500 U.S. trained Cuban
exiles landed in Cuba to try to overthrow the
Castro regime, the invasion was a disaster
as it was quickly crushed and many of the
attackers held for ransom.
7.
Berlin Airlift
airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to
citizens of west Berlin when the Soviets
closed off land access to Berlin
8.
Berlin Wall
A wall separating East and West Berlin built
by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens
from escaping to the West
Blacklist
A list circulated among employers
containing the names of persons who
should not be hired
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14.
15.
Brinkmanship
Cellular
Telephone -
A policy of resisting further expansion of
communism around the world
Containment
-
the basis of U.S. foreign policy throughout the
Cold War, the idea was to stop communism
from spreading.
Credibility
gap
is when you can not believe what someone is
saying because they have told too many lies in
the past.
Cuban
Missile
Crisis -
President Kennedy ordered a blockade of Cuba
when it was discovered that the Soviet Union
was placing nuclear missiles there; the
standoff came perilously close to nuclear war,
but the Soviet eventually backed down.
Cuban
Revolution -
in 1959 communist led by Fidel Castro
overthrew the pro-American leader Batista;
this placed a communist country only 90 miles
from the U.S.
Domino
Effect
Eisenhower's explanation on how to stop the
spread of communism; something that
happens politically in one country that is
believed to cause something similar in another
country
Draft
system of calling men into military service,
"The Selective Service Act"
Dwight D.
Eisenhower
34th President; believed in the Domino effect
Eisenhower
Doctrine
Policy of the US that it would defend the
Middle East against attack by any Communist
country
Ethel and
Julius
American communists who were executed
after having been found guilty of conspiracy to
commit espionage
Fidel Castro
Communist leader of Cuba
Flexible
response
A policy that involved preparing for a variety of
military responses to international crises
rather than focusing on the use of nuclear
weapons
Geneva
Accord
peace agreement that split Vietnam in two
Ho Chi Minh
Trial
Paths that run between North and South
Vietnam
30.
Hot line
A telephone that connected the U.S. to the
U.S.S.R
31.
HUAC
The House Committee on Un-American
Activities was an investigating committee
which investigated what it considered unAmerican activitys,
17.
18.
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21.
22.
23.
24.
A term used by Secretary of State John
Dulles to describe a policy of risking war in
order to protect national interests
25.
hand-held, portable telephone have
changed the way people communication and
increased their accessibility.
26.
Chinese Civil
War
This event caused the U.S. to adopt a policy
of rebuilding Japan and making Japan an
ally in Asia.
Chinese Civil
War -
Mao Zedong and the communists won and
overthrew the pro western government this
event that took place in Asia.
CIA
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a
civilian intelligence agency of the U.S.
government. Its primary function is
obtaining and analyzing information about
foreign governments, corporations, and
persons in order to advise public
policymakers
Cold War
Containment
16.
A conflict that was between the US and the
Soviet Union. The nations never directly
confronted each other on the battlefield but
deadly threats went on for years.
27.
28.
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33.
34.
35.
36.
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38.
Interstate
highway act-
largest public works project in American
history; built 41,000 miles of interstate
highways connecting major cities and
making travel much faster.
Iron Curtain
A political barrier that isolated the peoples
of Eastern Europe restricting their ability to
travel outside the region
John F.
Kennedy
35th president during the cold war and
went two crisis (Bay of Pigs and Cuban
Missile Crisis
Joseph
McCarthy
Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of
communists in American government and
military
Kennedy/Nixon
Presidential
Debates -
70 million people tuned in to see the first
televised Presidential debate in history;
most felt that Kennedy performed better on
television and this was likely a factor in his
close election win in 1960.
Kent State
University
Site of protest where National Guard killed
four students
Korea
U.S. and other nations came to the aid of
South of this country when they were
invaded by the communist North of same
country
Ngo Dinh
Diem
President of South Vietnam
Nikita
Khruschev
Soviet Leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis
Nikita
Khruschev
Succeeded Stalin as the head of the Soviet
Communist Party and became the Soviet leader
Pentagon
Papers
Government documents that showed the
government had no real plan for leaving
Vietnam
Personal
Computer
-
early versions began to appear in the 1970s and
computers began to revolutionize society,
especially with the rise of the internet beginning
in the mid 1990s.
The result
of this war
was
the war saved the South from being taken over by
communist but was unable to dislodge the
communist regime from the North .
Richard
Nixon
President of the United States, elected 1968
Richard
Nixon
Pledged ending the Vietnam War through
Vietnamization
Richard
Nixon
President who started bombing Cambodia and
Laos because he believed they had Vietcong
bases.
Robert
Kennedy
Attorney General during his brother JFK's
administration. He later served as a U.S. Senator
and was assassinated during his run for the
presidency in 1968
Rosenberg
Couple executed for passing military secrets to
the Soviets even with little evidence to prove it
Satellite
Nation
Communist nations in Eastern Europe on
friendly terms with the USSR and thought of as
under the USSR's control
Search
and
Destroy
Mission
Tactic in which U.S. troops destroyed
Vietnamese villages
Silent
Majority
Those mainstream Americans who supported
Nixon's Polices
62.
Sputnik 1
This caused Americans to renew the importance
of education and develop our space program.
63.
Sputnik 1-
Soviet Union launched the 1st satellite into
space;
Tet
Offensive -
this 1968 surprise offensive was named after the
Vietnamese New Year; the U.S. and South
Vietnamese militarily won, but it was a
psychological and political defeat for the U.S. as
much of the American public began to turn
against the Vietnam War.
Tokin Gulf
Resolution
Resolution that allowed President Johnson to
fight in Vietnam
48.
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56.
Levittown-
the first master-planned community in
Long Island, New York; ushered in an era
of the rapid growth of suburbs and
subdivisions.
57.
Limited Test
Ban Treaty
A treaty the barred the test of nuclear
weapons in the atmoshpere
58.
41.
Mao Zedong
Was the leader of a Chinese rebellion who
overtook the Chinese government and
replaced it with Communism.
59.
42.
Mao Zedong
Chinese communist leader that overthrew
the government and setup and communist
government
60.
43.
Marshall Plan-
a plan that provided billions for rebuilding
Europe from World War II
39.
40.
44.
45.
McCarthyism -
My Lai
this term applied to a Second Red Scare in
the 1950s, Senator Joseph McCarthy often
accused people in government of being
communists with little evidence.
U.S. troops had massacred more than 100
unarmed Vietnamese in the village of My
Lai
46.
Napalm
a highly flammable chemical used in
bombs dropped off U.S. planes during the
Vietnam War
47.
NATO
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization); an
alliance made to defend one another if they
were attacked by any other country
61.
64.
65.
Truman Doctrine -
A policy that called on the U.S. to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed
minorities or by outside pressures.
TV News Coverage of
the Civil Rights
Movement
americans saw much of the violence directed towards civil rights protesters on the nightly news and this
helped turn sympathies toward ending racial segregation.
68.
U-2 incident
The incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union
69.
United Nation (UN)
Peacekeeping body of nations
70.
Vietcong
Communist rebel group in South Vietnam
71.
Vietnamization
President's Nixon's plan for ending America's involvement in the war
72.
Vietnam War -
a war between the communist north and pro-West south; the U.S. was directly involved with combat troops in
the late 1960s and early 1970s; after the U.S. troops were withdrawn communist North Vietnam took over
South Vietnam.
73.
War Powers Act
Acts that forbids the president from mobilizing troops without congressional approval
74.
Warsaw Pact
An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations as a response to NATO
Willem
Westmoreland
Commander of the U.S troops in Vietnam
66.
67.
75.