Download PSB Final Review

Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________
ID: A
Physical Science B Practice Exam
Completion: Complete each sentence or statement.
1. The motion of an object looks different to observers in different ______________________________.
2. The direction and length of a straight line from the starting point to the ending point of an object’s motion is
____________________.
3. Displacement and velocity are examples of ____________________ because they have both magnitude and
direction.
4. Speed is measured in units of _________________________.
5. A car’s speedometer measures _________________________.
6. The difference between speed and velocity is that velocity indicates the ____________________ of motion and
speed does not.
7. Freely falling objects accelerate at 9.8 m/s2 because the force of ____________________ acts on them.
8. Accelerated motion is represented by a(an) ____________________ line on a distance-time graph.
9. A car that increases its speed from 20 km/h to 100 km/h undergoes ____________________ acceleration.
10. A push or pull is an example of a(an) ____________________.
11. If the forces acting on an object produce a net force of zero, the forces are called _________________________.
12. The force that opposes the motion of objects that touch as they move pass each other is called
____________________.
13. The two forces acting on a falling object are gravity and _________________________.
14. During a head-on auto collision, ____________________ causes a passenger in the front seat to continue moving
____________________.
15. The universal force that is most effective over the longest distances is ____________________.
16. For work to be done on an object, the object has to ____________________.
17. The SI unit of work is the ____________________.
18. The rate at which work is done is called ____________________.
19. The SI unit of power is the ____________________.
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20. The crest of a transverse wave is most similar to a(an) ____________________ in a longitudinal wave.
21. A wave in a rope is a transverse wave, but a sound wave is a(an) ____________________ wave.
22. Waves in a rope are transverse waves because the medium’s vibration is _________________________ to the
direction in which the wave travels.
23. A pebble drops straight down into a tub of water, setting off ____________________ waves that travel between
the water and air.
24. In a transverse wave, ____________________ is measured from crest to crest or from trough to trough.
25. To determine the speed of a wave, you must know the wave’s wavelength and ____________________.
26. If a wave has a wavelength of 2 m and a frequency of 3.0 hertz, its speed is ____________________.
27. To compare the energy of different waves, measure the ____________________ of the waves.
28. Amplitude measures the greatest displacement of a wave from the _________________________.
29. A wave entering a new medium at an angle will undergo ____________________ as one end of the wave changes
speed.
30. If two waves collide and form a temporary larger wave, the interference is ____________________.
31. At the ____________________ of a standing wave, there is no displacement from the rest position.
32. Energy of an object increases when ____________________ is done on the object.
33. Energy and work are measured in the SI unit called the ____________________.
34. Energy that is stored due to position or shape is called ____________________ energy.
35. When a pole-vaulter flexes the pole, the pole-vaulter increases the pole’s ____________________ potential
energy.
36. Wind turbines convert ____________________ energy into electrical energy.
37. The process of changing energy from one form to another is called energy ____________________.
38. “Energy cannot be created or destroyed” is a statement of the law of ___________________________________.
39. When an apple falls from a tree to the ground, the apple’s beginning kinetic energy and ending gravitational
potential energy are both equal to ____________________.
40. The electric field around a positive charge points _________________________ the charge.
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41. Electric force is ____________________ proportional to the amount of charge and ____________________
proportional to the square of the distance between the charges.
42. Like charges ____________________ and opposite charges ____________________.
43. When a pathway through which charges can move forms suddenly, _________________________ occurs.
44. The SI unit of electric current is the ____________________.
45. Scientists usually define the direction of current as the direction in which ____________________ charges would
flow.
46. Wood, plastic, and rubber are good electrical ____________________, and copper is a good electrical
____________________.
47. The SI unit of resistance is the ____________________.
48. A material that has almost zero resistance when it is cooled to low temperatures is a(an)
_________________________.
49. Potential difference is measured in _________________________.
50. A complete path through which charge can flow is an electric ____________________.
51. To calculate power, multiply voltage measured in ____________________ by ____________________ measured
in amps.
52. The transfer of excess charge through a conductor to Earth is called ____________________.
53. A child rolls a ball 4 m across a room. The ball hits the wall and rolls halfway back toward the child. Using vector
addition, calculate the ball’s displacement.
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54. What are two types of speed that can be used to describe the motion of a car driving on the highway?
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55. What types of changes in motion cause acceleration?
.
56. How can you double the acceleration of an object if you cannot alter the object’s mass?
.
57. How are the size and direction of action-reaction forces are related?
.
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58. Why don’t action-reaction forces cancel each other?
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59. How is work done when you lift a book?
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60. What type of mechanical wave is produced by pushing sharply on the end of a spring toy?
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61. In what unit is wave frequency measured?
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62. Suppose two waves meet and temporarily cancel each other out. How would you describe the interference?
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63. Describe one energy conversion that takes place in a hydroelectric power plant.
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64. What energy conversion takes place as an arrow is shot from a bow?
.
Figure 20-1
65. In Figure 20-1, where is the field of each charge the strongest?
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66. What is a charge’s electric field?
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67. What are three ways that a charge can be transferred?
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68. What is the law of conservation of charge?
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69. What is the difference between direct current and alternating current?
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70. Explain why metal wire coated with plastic or rubber is used in electric circuits.
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71. What are three common voltage sources?
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72. What is the voltage in a circuit if the current is 3 amps and the resistance is 3 ohms? Explain your answer.
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73. If the voltage is 90 volts and the resistance is 30 ohms, what is the current? Explain your answer.
.
74. How much energy does a 50-watt light bulb use compared to a 100-watt light bulb if both are shining for the same
length of time? Explain your answer.
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75. What is a circuit breaker?
Problems: Show all work and use the appropriate units!
76. During a race, a runner runs at a speed of 6 m/s. Four seconds later, she is running at a speed of 10 m/s. What is
the runner’s acceleration? Show your work.
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77. If you ride your bike at an average speed of 2 km/h and need to travel a total distance of 20 km, how long will it
take you to reach your destination? Show your work.
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78. A small engine causes a 0.20-kg model airplane to accelerate at a rate of 12 m/s2. What is the net force on the
model airplane? Show your work.
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79. A crane exerts a net force of 900 N upward on a 750-kilogram car as the crane starts to lift the car from the deck
of a cargo ship. What is the acceleration of the car during this time? Show your work.
.
80. The mass of a newborn baby is 4.2 kilograms. What is the baby’s weight? (The acceleration due to gravity at
Earth’s surface is 9.8 m/s2.) Show your work.
.
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81. A worker uses a cart to move a load of bricks weighing 680 N a distance of 10 m across a parking lot. If he pushes
the cart with a constant force of 220 N, what amount of work does he do? Show your work.
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82. A girl lifts a 100-N load a height of 2.0 m in a time of 0.5 s. What power does the girl produce? Show your work.
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83. Explain how velocity is different from speed.
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84. In a large cave, you can hear an echo a few seconds after you speak. Explain how this happens in terms of wave
properties.
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85. Explain the difference between reflection and refraction.
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86. Suppose you have one light bulb in a simple circuit. If you add a second identical light bulb in series, what would
happen to the brightness of the first bulb? If instead you add the second bulb in parallel, what would happen to the
brightness of the first bulb? Explain your answers.
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87. Why does plugging too many appliances into the same circuit cause too much current to flow through the circuit?
What can happen as a result?
Figure 11-2
88. Compare Graphs A and B in Figure 11-2. At a time of 2 seconds, which graph shows a greater velocity? How do
you know?
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89. Using Graph A in Figure 11-2, calculate the average speed of the object in motion from 12 s to 20 s. Explain your
calculation.
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Figure 11-3A
Figure 11-3B
90. Using vector addition, calculate the distance traveled by the object and the displacement of the object represented
by Figure 11-3B.
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91. Suppose vector B in Figure 11-3B had a length of 12 m (instead of 5 m). What would be the distance the object
moved? What would be the magnitude of the object’s displacement?
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Figure 17-2
92. What kind of wave does A in Figure 17-2 represent? What kind of wave does B represent?
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93. Figure 17-2 shows how someone starts the waves. How are these ways of starting waves alike? How are they
different?
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94. Compare the two waves in Figure 17-2. To what in wave B do the compressions of wave A correspond? To what
in wave B do the rarefactions correspond?
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95. What represents one wavelength in wave A of Figure 17-2? Define and describe the portion of the wave.
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Figure 15-3
96. Compare the gravitational potential energy of the ball at locations D and F shown in Figure 15-3. Explain your
answer.
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Figure 20-3
97. Compare the resistance in the three circuits shown in Figure 20-3 when the switches are closed. Explain the cause
of any differences.
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98. In Figure 20-3, how will the current compare in Circuits A, B, and C when the switches are closed? Explain your
answer.
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