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Exploration and Settlement of
the New World
SS8H1B
EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF EUROPEAN
CONTACT ON NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES;
INCLUDE SPANISH MISSIONS ALONG THE
BARRIER ISLANDS, AND THE EXPLORATION OF
HERNANDO DE SOTO
SS8H1C
EXPLAIN REASONS FOR EUROPEAN
EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT OF NORTH
AMERICA, WITH EMPHASIS ON THE INTERESTS
OF THE FRENCH, SPANISH, AND BRITISH IN
THE SOUTHEASTERN AREA.
Spanish Exploration of the
New World
 Exploration of Georgia
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1539: Hernando De Soto left Havana, Cuba with a huge group of 600
men, 200 horses and other animals such as mules and dogs.
They marched up through Spanish controlled Florida and entered
Georgia in 1540 looking for gold.
This was the first time that the Native Americans had seen a white
man and horses.
De Soto and his men fought against the Native Americans using
armor, guns, and crossbows
Thousands of Indians died from war
Many died from diseases such as measles, small pox, whooping
cough and influenza
Many Indians were enslaved and tortured
Was De Soto’s mission a success?
De Soto's Mission was a
Failure
 He found no gold or treasure.
 Most of his army was lost to
starvation and disease.
 His march through Georgia
changed the life and culture of
the Native American’s forever.
 Many nations followed his
examples and began competing
with the N.A. for control of the
land.
 Spain, France and England
Hernando De Soto
Early Spanish Missions
Spanish Missions
 1565: Captain General Pedro
Menendez begins the colony of St.
Augustine.
 1566: The Spaniards moved up the
coast to the Cumberland Islands
 They named the region Guale for
the Indians living in the area.
 The Missions were created to convert
the Indians to Catholicism.
 Spain became rich and powerful in
the 1500’s because of the control that
they had over the new world and the
riches that they were taking from the
natives.
St. Augustine
English Settlements
IN THE NEW WORLD
Mercantilism
Whats the point?
 Many European countries
began to establish colonies in
the new world in order to gain
more power.
 1500’s to 1700’s: European
countries engage in
mercantilism.
 The goal is to become self
sufficient by:
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Exporting more goods then
imported
Gain and control the most land
Regulate trade by passing laws
Mercantilist
Mercantilism Established
What was Being Imported
Why Ship Raw Materials
 Cotton
 To Make:
 Furniture
 Clothing
 Tools
 Sugar
 Forest Products
 Tobacco
 This was done to make
England a dominant
empire in the world
economy.
The British Invade
The Joys of Winning
 After gaining control of the
seas by defeating the
Spanish Armada in 1588,
England begins pursuing her
interest in the new world by
setting up colonies.
 They sought out the same
things as the other European
Countries:
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Gold
Silver
Treasures
Riches
Colonization
 English Colonization
 Virginia and Massachusetts were founded first
 By the end of the 1600’s, England had established 12 colonies
along the Eastern seaboard of the New World.
 Who founded these colonies and why?
 Some were founded by religious or political refugees.
 Some came to the colonies just for financial gain.
 Some came for religious freedom
 Some felt the need to convert the N.A. to Christianity.
Permanent Settlements
 Permanent Settlements began in the New World
with the English settlement of Jamestown, VA.
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Many settlers initially died off because of malaria.
However, the colony flourished due to the tobacco crop
With more work came the need for more workers
The Dutch introduced Africans into VA in 1619
 Most were indentured servants-------not slaves.
 They agreed to work for someone for a set period of time in
return for a passage to the new world.
 Usually 4 to 7 years
 Most Africans however were eventually treated as slaves.
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Georgia is Created
 The English began to settle New
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England and the Carolinas.
They ran the Spanish back down to
St. Augustine.
However, the English felt they
needed a buffer between Spanish
controlled Florida and the
Carolinas.
Therefore, Fort King Georgia was
built at the base of the Altamaha
River to keep both the French and
Spanish away.
Although this garrison was
abandoned in 1727, the English
established their presence in
Georgia.
New World-Old World Exchanges
 Both world’s benefitted from the exploration of the
new world.
 The Europeans were able to:
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Spread their Christian beliefs
Gain riches from the land and from the Native Americans
Exchange food, plants and animals
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However, some of the animals that were brought to the new world
destroyed the ground cover which led to the extinction of some
native animals.