Download Reasons for Exploration

Georgia Performance Standards:
SS8H1b: Evaluate the impact of European
contact on Native American culture; include
Spanish missions along the barrier islands and
the explorations of Hernando DeSoto.
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Today’s Warm-up: Interpret the meaning of this
picture.
Reasons for Exploration
• The Renaissance, a “rebirth” and a time of
new ideas in Europe, brought about changes
in learning, religion, and trade.
• It began in Italy in 1350.
Learning
After the Middle Ages (800-1300s), there was an
interest in art, math, science, literature, & politics by
Europeans.
Religion
Europeans began to study & question Christianity, plus
the role of the Catholic Church.
Trade
Europeans wanted new spices and silk fabrics that
were found in Asia. Trade created wealth for
businessmen/merchants.
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Reasons for Exploration
• Spices were in great demand by Europeans
because:
1. Meat and fish spoiled too quickly, due to no
refrigeration.
2. Spices such as salt, pepper, cinnamon,
nutmeg, and cloves helped to preserve food
longer.
3. It flavored foods making them tastier.
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Reasons for Exploration
• Customers wanted exotic spices and fabrics
from Asia, but transporting spices across great
distances by land cost too much money.
• Business owners wanted to make bigger profits =
More money
• Therefore, a shortcut was needed to get
merchandise from Asia to Europe = Supply &
Demand
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Reasons for
Exploration
• The 3 main reasons that kings and queens
(monarchs) financed expeditions (trips) to the
New World:
A. God: To spread Christianity to more people.
B. Gold: To find riches (Gold, silver, precious stones,
& exotic trinkets).
C. Glory: To become historically famous and to add
more territory to their kingdom.
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European Exploration
• Spain, France, and England began to compete
with each other to discover new sea routes.
-If you controlled the seas, then you
controlled trade with Asia= Power & Wealth
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Spanish Conquistadors
• Conquistador- A Spanish explorer and conqueror
who sought to destroy and take over existing
cultures in the Americas in the 1500s.
• As they explored the Americas, they used guns and
swords to defeat Native Americans. While the
Native Americans used bows & arrows
and stone tools.
• Without knowing it, these explorers carried
diseases with them (smallpox, malaria, and
measles).
• These diseases killed many of the natives in the
Americas.
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Christopher Columbus
• August 1492-Italian Christopher Columbus and his
group of ships (Santa Maria, Pinta, & Niña) left
Spain to find spices and gold for King Ferdinand &
Queen Isabella of Spain.
• October 12, 1492- He found islands in the
Caribbean (A.K.A. West Indies) and claimed them
for Spain.
• He brought back Native Americans (mistakenly
calling them “Indians”).
• He did not find much gold.
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Exploration by Spain
• Due to Christopher Columbus’s success in the New
World, Spain began to finance more voyages to the
Americas.
began to claim more territory and riches than
England and France.
• Juan Ponce de León was determined to find the
“Fountain of Youth” in Florida (claimed for Spain). He
came to Florida as early as 1513.
• Ponce de León discovered a powerful ocean current
called the Gulf Stream.
• This ocean current flows from the Gulf of Mexico north
along the eastern coast before turning east toward
Europe…This helped explorers get back home to
Europe quicker!
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Hernando DeSoto
• 1540-Hernando De Soto and his army (about 600 men)
were the 1st Europeans to enter what is now known as
Georgia.
• They were also the 1st Europeans to cross the
Appalachian Mountains.
• The Spaniards marched through Florida, Georgia, and
South Carolina, but never found the gold they sought.
• They brutally killed many Native Americans.
• Four years later, De Soto died after sustaining injuries
during battle and his men never found cities of gold.
Half of his army died during the expedition.
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3-2-1 Review
• Identify and explain the meaning of each of
the 3Gs.
• Who were 2 Spanish conquistadors that
discovered new land in North America?
• Explain 1 way the Renaissance encouraged
exploration and settlement in North America.
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1.
Why did Hernando De Soto
explore Georgia in 1540?
A. He was attracted by rumors of
large gold deposits.
B. He wanted to built forts and
missions in the state.
C. He was searching for the
“Fountain of Youth.”
D. He believed that he would find
a water route to Asia.
2. How did De Soto’s march
through Georgia change the
lives and culture of Native
Americans?
A. Converted Native Americans
to Catholicism.
B. Introduce new foods to the
Native Americans.
C. Resulted in the death of
thousands of Native
Americans through violence
and disease.
D. Set up trading opportunities
for Native Americans.
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Spanish Missions in Georgia
• Spain built missions, churches, with small
communities around them.
• They were built along the Atlantic coast in an
attempt to bring Christianity to the Indians.
• Also, the missions helped to keep French explorers
and army off the coast.
• 1566-Pedro Menéndez de Avilés started a mission
on St. Catherine’s Island called the Guale Mission.
• Spain controlled the coast and southern part of
Georgia for 100+ years with missions and military
posts.
• By 1700, Spain controlled much of the Americas
(South America, Central America, and Mexico).
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So…Why were Spanish Missions
created?
1. R – Religion – convert natives to the Catholic
religion.
2. N – New language and customs - Teach
natives Spanish and how they should behave
as new Catholics.
3. G – Give new jobs/roles - Make natives serve
as workers (slaves/servants) and soldiers to
serve and protect Spanish
interests.