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Electrophile
 Positive ion or molecule with +
 Attracted to an electron rich centre
 Accepts a pair of electrons to make a dative covalent bond.
Electrophilic
addition
Typical of alkenes.
Double bond  single bond.
Electrophilic
substitution
Typical of arenes since delocalisation is retained.
Elimination
The loss of atoms or groups of atoms to produce an unsaturated compound.
Typical of 1ry and 2ry alcohols.
Single bond  double bond.
Nucleophile
 A negative ion or a molecule with a lone pair of electrons
 Attracted to a positive/electron deficient centre
 Donates a pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond.
Nucleophilic
addition
Typical of aldehydes and ketones.
Nucleophilic
substitution
Typical of halogenoalkanes.
Oxidation
Typical of 1ry alcohols, 2ry alcohols and aldehydes.
Radical
substitution
Typical of alkanes.
Reduction
Typical of aldehydes and ketones.