Download Solar System

Warm-up 4/22/15
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Review for 10 minutes 
Target TEST TIME!
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Diagram 1
Diagram 4
Diagram 2
Diagram 5
Diagram 7
A
B
C
D
Diagram 8
Diagram 3
Diagram 6
THE
SOLAR SYSTEM
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Origin of the Solar System
• Our solar system
formed 4.6 billion
years ago.
• Would you believe
me if I told you it
formed from a large
cloud of dust and
gas? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhy1fucSRQI
The Nebular Theory
• Nebular Theory- solar
system formed from a
rotating cloud of dust and
gas.
• Solar nebula- a large, thin
cloud of dust and gas.
– Formed from material
expelled by previous stars.
The Nebular Theory
• (A):
– Nebula began with
slight rotation…
– As the cloud
contracted, it
began to spin
faster…
– More gravitational
attraction between
particles (dust)…
– Nebula shrinks,
accelerating the
process.
The Nebular Theory
• (B):
– Solar nebula
rotates faster…
– Begins to flatten
out…
– Over 100,000 yrs a
protoplanetary disk
formed (looks like a
giant fried egg)…
– The disk was
densest in the
center and thinner
toward the edges.
The Nebular Theory
• (C):
– About 99.9 % of
the mass became
concentrated at the
center (egg yolk)…
– This became our
sun.
• At this time our sun
was a few million
degrees!
The Nebular Theory
• (D):
– Dust grains are
colliding…
– Weak forces hold
them together…
– Forming loose balls
of dust…
– As these balls of
dust collided they
grew larger…
– …formed
planetesimals.
The Nebular Theory
• (D):
– Planetesimals
(asteroid like
bodies that
eventually
combined to form
planets) grew by
accretion
(process of adding
mass by colliding
with other
planetesimals)…
Protoplanets
• Once they grew large
enough they had a
gravitational force…
• Attracted more
material…
• Became larger…
• Now protoplanets…
• Protoplanets formed
current planets in a
series of violent
collisions.
• Terrestrial planetsMercury, Venus,
Earth and Mars.
– Small, and rocky
planets.
• Why aren’t they as
large as the gas
giants?
– Answer- it was too
hot near the sun,
and much of the
material couldn’t
condense…
– …not until it got
farther from the sun.
E.Terrestrial Planets
E. Gas/Ice Giants
• Ice forming materials (water, ammonia, methane, etc.)
condensed farther away from the sun (it’s colder)
• As these planets grew, gravity increased, and these
planets captured Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He) from
space…grew even larger!!
Can you come up with saying to help
you remember the order??
• How many planets do we have in our Solar
System?
• List them.
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Warm-up
4/24/15
1. Describe the
Nebular Theory and
how our Solar System
was formed.
2. List the 8 planets
that make up our Solar
System.
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Clay Model of the Solar System
Solar System (Sizes to scale)
Bellwork 4/27/15
On Your Desk:
1. PRIDE Card
2. I.N.
3. Pen/Pencil
1. Which planet is the largest in size?
Jupiter is the largest planet.
2. Which planet is the smallest in size?
Mercury is the smallest planet.
3. List the rocky planets.
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are the 4 rocky planets.
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Planet Brochure
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On Your Desk:
Warm-up 4/28/15
1. PRIDE Card
2. I.N.
3. Pen/Pencil
• 1. How many planets away from the SUN
is your planet (or object in the solar
system)?
• 2. How many planets away from the
EARTH is your planet (or object in the
solar system)?
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Planet Brochure
Day 1: Research
*Cite your sources
Day 2: Rough Draft
Day 3/4: Final Draft
**Due Thursday!!!
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On Your Desk:
Warm-up 4/29/15
• 1. List two amazing things
you learned about your
planet!!
1.
2.
3.
4.
PRIDE Card
I.N.
Pen/Pencil
Rough Draft
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SONGS!!!
Planets Around a Star:
http://www.cleanvideosearch.
com/media/action/yt/watch?v
=nQfJ7j2UGGk
Planets Song:
http://www.cleanvideosearch.
com/media/action/yt/watch?v
=GH61v4_eVNA
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Meteors
Use Chapter 4: Section 5
to discover the differences!
-Create “Flip” Cards for each vocabulary term
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Measurements
• Light Year: distance that light travels in a year
– Used for measurements within our galaxy
– 5.88 trillion miles in a year
• 1 light year equals 63,000 AU
• AU: Astronomical Unit
– Used for measurements within our solar system
– Distance from Earth to Sun
• 1 AU equals 93,000,000 miles
Inner solar system…
• Consists of:
–
–
–
–
Sun
Mercury
Venus
Earth
• Moon
– Mars
– Asteroid
belt
• Ceres
– Other
debris
• Asteroids
Sun
• Contains
99.8% of all
the mass of
the solar
system
• Only star in
our solar
system
• 865,000
miles in
diameter
Mercury
• Closest planet to
the sun
• The smallest of
the 8 planets
• 2nd hottest planet
• Very rocky… like
Earth
• No stable
atmosphere
View from Mariner 10 (1974) of Mercury
View from Messenger (2008) of Mercury
Venus
• 2nd closest planet to
the sun
• Hottest planet
– Reach 860 degrees
Fahrenheit
• Dense atmosphere
– Mainly Carbon
Dioxide
– Greenhouse effect
• Why its so hot!
• Sister planet
Hot, rocky surface of Venus
Clouds of Venus
Mars
• 4th planet from
the sun
– After Earth
• Atmosphere
mainly Carbon
Dioxide
• Polar ice caps
– Frozen water
• Used to have
liquid water in
the past
Mars surface
Olympus Mons is the largest
mountain in the solar system
Asteroid
belt
• Rocks that
never clumped
together to
form a planet
• Proto-planet
– Ceres
• Can
sometimes
make way into
inner solar
system
Gaspra- Asteroid found in the
Asteroid belt (1991)
Outer solar system…
• Consists of:
–
–
–
–
–
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Kuiper belt
• Pluto
– Scattered
disc
• Eris
Jupiter
• Largest planet in
solar system
• Mainly Hydrogen
and Helium
– Enough gravity to
hold onto these
light elements
• Not rocky… Gas
giant
• Has 63 moons…
47 of which are
named
Is Jupiter large?
Hurricane the size of Earth
Saturn
•
•
•
•
2nd largest planet
Known for its rings debris orbiting the planet
Very similar to Jupiter
One of its moons, Titan, is larger than Mercury… and is
the only moon to possess an atmosphere
Is Saturn large?
Voyager image of Saturn’s rings
Uranus
• 7th planet from
the sun
• Completely tilted
on its axis
– 97.77 degrees
• Winds can reach
up to 560 mph
• Many poisonous
gases in the
atmosphere
Neptune
• Farthest planet
from the sun
• Fastest winds
in the solar
system
– 1300 mph
• Methane
atmosphere
• Dark spots are
huge
hurricanes
Kuiper belt
• This is where
Pluto is
found
• Similar to the
asteroid belt
– Contains
debris that
didn’t
become part
of a planet
Largest objects found in the Kuiper belt
Put it all together…
Mercury-Venus-Earth-Mars-Asteroid belt-Jupiter-Saturn-Uranus-Neptune-Kuiper belt (Pluto)-Scattered disc (Eris)
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Warm-up 4/17/13
• How many moons does Venus have?
0!
• How many moons does Saturn have?
60!
• Why such a great difference?
Larger planets have a greater gravitational force.
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