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Ch 3 Sec 2: 2 Column Notes ! Name_______________Date______ ! ! ! ! Two Kinds of Reproduction ! ! One makes two Asexual ! Reproduction Only 1 parent is needed for reproduction. Mitosis ! replicates the internal structures (DNA), then the cell ! divides in two. ! ! ! Bacteria use binary fission which is also asexual. ! ! Sexual Reproduction Two makes one. ! ! ! Two parent cells join together to form a new individual ! ! Sex Cells Parent cells which have half the number of ! chromosomes as body cells. The male sex cell is called ! sperm, and the female is called the egg. ! ! ! ! Homologous Pairs of identical chromosomes. In a regular body cell Chromosomes chromosomes are paired up with an identical chromosome. This results in a double the number of chromosomes. ! ! ! Meiosis ! ! ! ! ! Genes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Sex Chromosomes ! ! ! ! Meiosis produces new cells with half the number of chromosomes. The chromosomes are copied once and the nucleus divides twice. ! ! ! Segments of DNA that carry hereditary instructions and are passed from parents to offspring. They are located on the chromosome. ! ! ! ! ! Sex chromosomes carry the gene that determines if the offspring is male or female. Females have two X chromosomes and males have one X and one Y. Section Review Questions: ! ! 1. Explain the difference between sex cells and sex chromosomes. ! Sex cells contain half the chromosomes of normal body cells and are used in sexual reproduction. Sex cells include the sex chromosome. The sex chromosome is a single chromosome in the sex cell that determines whether the offspring will be male or female. ! ! ! ! 2. If there are 14 chromosomes in a pea plant cell, how many chromosomes will be in the sex cell of a pea? ! There will be half the number of chromosomes in a sex cell compared to a regular body cell. Therefore if the pea plant has 14 chromosomes, the sex cell of the pea will have 7 chromosomes. ! ! ! 3. How are meiosis and mitosis similar? How are they different? ! Meiosis and mitosis are similar because you need to divide the nucleus in both processes. The first 4 stages of meiosis are mitosis. They are also both methods of reproduction. ! The difference is that in mitosis 2 identical cells are produced. In meiosis 4 sex cells are created which have half the number of chromosomes as the body cells.
