Download Civil War - Mrs. Rostas

The Civil War
Battle Overview
Population Difference between
North and South in 1861
25
20
15
North
South
10
5
0
Total Population
(millions)
Eligible for Military
(millions)
*Chart taken from The Americans Ch. 4
Advantages and Disadvantages?
Union
Advantages
Confederate
Advantages
Union
Disadvantages
Confederate
Disadvantages
Battles at a Glance
►Fort
Sumter
April 12-14, 1861
(Confederate Victory)
►1st Bull Run
July 21, 1861
(Confederate Victory)
►Battle of the Ironclads
March 9, 1862
(Stalemate)
►2nd Bull Run
Aug. 28-30, 1862
(Confederate Victory)
►Antietam
Sept. 16-18, 1862
(Undecided - Union Strategic Victory)
-Bloodiest Single Day of War (9-17-62)
*Timeline information taken from www.americancivilwar.com/tl/timeline
►Fredericksburg
Dec. 11-15, 1862
(Confederate Victory)
►Chancellorsville
April 30-May 6, 1863
(Confederate Victory)
►Vicksburg
May 18-July 4, 1863
(Union Victory)
►Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
(Union Victory)
►Sherman’s March
Sept.-Nov. 1864
(Union Victory)
►Confederacy
Surrenders at Appomattox
on April 9, 1865 Ending the Civil War
* Timeline information taken from www.americancivilwar.com/tl/timeline
Fort Sumter
►President
Lincoln planned to send supplies to the
Union men at the Fort but the Confederate forces
fired on the Fort demanding surrender.
►Union surrendered two days later, no casualties.
*Photo taken from www.americancivilwar.com/statepic/sc/sc001.html
*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/south_carolina.html
st
1
Bull Run
►First
bloodshed of the war
►Union held advantage in the morning but by
afternoon the Confederacy with their
reinforcements won
►Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson was
nicknamed “Stonewall Jackson” at this battle
►Confederate morale was high after they won,
many soldiers thought the war was over and they
left the army to go home
*Information taken from The Americans Ch. 4
1st Bull Run/
*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/va61.html
Battle of the Ironclads
►USS
Monitor and
CSS Virginia
(formerly the USS
Merrimac) fought
the first naval
battle between
iron-sided ships
►Battle ended in
a tactical
stalemate
*Photo and information taken from http://americancivilwar.com/tcwn/civil_war/Navy_Ships/Ironclad_Monitor_Virginia_Battle.html
nd
2
Bull Run
►Proved
to be
another
Confederate
victory when the
Union was chased
back by heavy
artillery fire
►Southern morale
remained high
*Photo and information taken from www.americancivilwar.com/statepic/va/va026.html
2nd Bull Run/
*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/va62.html
Antietam
►Union
forces had advantage due to finding
General Lee’s orders wrapped around cigars
where the Confederate troops were camped
►Lee and Jackson were going to be separated
for a while so McClellan ordered the Union to
attack Lee’s army at the Antietam Creek
►Sept. 17th was the bloodiest single day in U.S.
history, more than 26,000 casualties total
►McClellan chose not to pursue Lee’s army and
possibly end the war, the next day Lincoln
replaced him and issued the Emancipation
*Information taken from The Americans Ch. 4
Proclamation days later
*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/maryland.html
Emancipation Proclamation
►Listen
to information about the
Emancipation Proclamation
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=SUVkXthL
z4w
Read the document with a partner
and discuss its meanings.
On a separate sheet of paper
answer the following questions:
►Did the Emancipation
Proclamation free all slaves?
Explain
►What were Lincoln’s motives for
issuing the Emancipation
Proclamation?
*Document image from http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation/images/emancipation_01.jpg
*Audio Emancipation Proclamation from http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=SUVkXthLz4w
Fredericksburg
►General
Burnside
replaced General
McClellan as the head
of the Army of the
Potomac
►Burnside organized
the Union Army well
but gave vague orders,
proving to be costly at
Fredericksburg as the
Union lost over 12,000
men, 60% at the stone
wall
*Information and photo from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/va/fredricksburg/fredhist.html
*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/va62.html
Chancellorsville
►General
Lee outnumbered almost 2 to 1 beats
the Union Army in his greatest victory
►Although a strategic and tactical victory for the
Confederate forces, Lee loses his “right arm” only
six days after the battle when Stonewall Jackson
dies from his wounds which were inflicted by his
own men when returning to the camp after dark
at Chancellorsville
►Jackson’s last words: “Let us cross over the
river and rest in the shade of the trees.”
*Information from http://www.americancivilwar.com/statepic/va/va032.html
*Jackson quote from http://www.civilwar.com/content/section/16/42/
*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/va63.html
Vicksburg
►U.
S. Grant laid siege on the town of Vicksburg
for two months and eventually they surrendered
►Vicksburg proved to be a critical Union victory
as it gave them control over the Mississippi River
and split the Confederate forces in two
►General Grant and his victorious Western
campaign led to his appointment as General-inChief of the Union armies
Information from http://www.americancivilwar.com/statepic/ms/ms011.html
*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/mississippi.html
Gettysburg
►General
Lee intended to attack Washington but
accidentally ran into Union General Meade and
the Army of the Potomac at Gettysburg
►Fighting lasted three days and over this time
more men fought and died than in any other
battle on American soil
►Although one of the greatest battles in
American history, General Meade failed to pursue
Lee as he was retreating and did not end the war
when he had the chance
►The farthest North the Confederacy ever went
*Information from http://www.americancivilwar.com/getty.html
*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/pennsylvania.html
Gettysburg Address
• Lincoln's short
speech to honor the
soldiers lost at
Battle of Gettysburg
during cemetery
dedication
• One of the most
important speeches
in U.S. history
Watch the Gettysburg Address
Huh?
Rewrite the Gettysburg Address in your own words with a partner.
"Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new
nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created
equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so
conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of
that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for
those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and
proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—
this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it
far above our poor power to add or detract.
The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget
what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished
work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to
be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead
we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure
of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—
that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of
the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
Sherman’s March
►William
Tecumseh Sherman utilized a tactic
known as “total war”
►Total war involves every part of the landscape,
military and civilian
►Sherman and his troops lived off of the land as
they marched toward the sea and destroyed
everything they didn’t use
►This idea of total war proved to be very
effective as it wears down the civilian support of
the opposing forces
*Information from http://www.americancivilwar.com/tl/tl1864.html
Sherman’s March
to the Sea
*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/georgia.html
Lee Surrenders to Grant at
Appomattox Court House
►Lee
knows that his forces are too weak to continue
fighting, unable to renew their supply lines, their
fallen men, or their resources
►Generals Lee and Grant meet in the parlor of the
McLean House in Appomattox Court House to
discuss the terms of surrender
►Confederate soldiers are allowed to take their
horses and the officers are allowed to take their
personal side arms but all other equipment is
surrendered
►Lee immediately pushes for reconciliation with the
Union as he had disagreed with secession all along
*Information from http://www.americancivilwar.com/appo.html
McLean House in Appomattox
►Site
of Lee’s surrender to Grant on April 9, 1865
►Close to the site of the 1st Battle of Bull Run!
*Photo taken from www.americancivilwar.com/appo.html
Farewell to the Army of Northern
Virginia, by Robert E. Lee
After four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed
courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been
compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources.
I need not tell the survivors of so many hard-fought battles
who have remained steadfast to the last that I have consented to
this result from no distrust of them; but feeling that valor and
devotion could accomplish nothing that could compensate for the
loss that would have attended the continuance of the contest, I
determined to avoid the useless sacrifice of those whose past
services have endeared them to their countrymen. By the terms of
the agreement, officers and men can return to their homes and
remain until exchanged.
You may take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the
consciousness of duty faithfully performed, and I earnestly pray
that a merciful God will extend to you his blessing and protection.
With an unceasing admiration of your constancy and devotion
to your country, and a grateful remembrance of your kind and
generous consideration of myself, I bid you all an affectionate
farewell.
*Poem taken from www.americancivilwar.com/appo.html
President Lincoln Assassinated
►Let’s
take a virtual tour of Ford’s Theatre
where John Wilkes Booth shot President
Lincoln just five days after the Confederacy
surrendered at Appomattox Court House, VA
►Lincoln was not killed immediately, he
actually died the next morning
►John Wilkes Booth was shot and killed
fleeing through Virginia
►Take the tour!
*Virtual tour from http://www.fordstheatre.org/