Download Gruesome Grammar Level 15 Parent Guide

Brize Norton Primary School
Gruesome Grammar Level 15
Parent Guide
Colons
Colons are an advanced piece of punctuation that can be used to introduce a list.
For example: I went travelling around the world and visited: Paris, the capital
of France; Nice, in the south of France; Moscow in Russia, the coldest place
on my journey; Sydney in Australia, the warmest place on my journey; and
London, which felt like home.
Semicolons

Semicolons are an advanced piece of punctuation that can be used to break
up lists, especially where each item on the list is long and detailed, therefore
avoiding confusion if only commas were used.
For example: I went travelling around the world and visited: Paris, the capital
of France; Nice, in the south of France; Moscow in Russia, the coldest place
on my journey; Sydney in Australia, the warmest place on my journey; and
London, which felt like home.

Semicolons can also be used to link two complete and related sentences and
turn them into one sentence.
For example: The cat flap swung open; the dog climbed through.
There was a stern knock at the door; it shook with the force.
Here, the semi-colon replaces a full stop. A full stop may have been too abrupt in the
above examples.
Nine Parts of Speech
Children must be able to identify the nine parts of speech in a sentence:
1.
noun
2.
verb
3.
adjective
4.
adverb
5.
pronoun
6.
preposition
7.
interjection
8.
conjunction
9.
determiner
1.
Nouns
Nouns are used to name or identify a person, place, thing, quality, or action. They
tell you what the sentence is about.
For example: The boy is tall. The girl likes spaghetti.
The footballer scored a goal.
Politeness and honesty are important.
2.
Verbs
Verbs express what a person, animal or something is either doing or being:
Doing:
For example: The scruffy, brown dog ran down the road.
The scruffy dog chewed my shoes.
Being:
For example: All the dogs are scruffy.
My brown dog is big and scruffy.
The girl has a cold.
3.
Adjectives
Adjectives describe nouns. They can come before or after a noun.
For example: My brown dog is big and scruffy.
The old man walked down the long lane.
4.
Adverbs
Adverbs are primarily used to modify a verb. An adverb gives the reader more
information about the verb – it ADDS to the VERB or describes HOW the action was
done.
Many adverbs can be made just by adding ‘ly’ to an adjective.
For example: Quick – quickly, swift – swiftly, mysterious – mysteriously
The dog ran swiftly down the road.
Mysteriously, the dog escaped through the closed gate.
5.
Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun. They are used to avoid repetition in
writing.
Pronouns include: I, you, he, she, it, me, him, her, we, they, us, them, his, hers
For example: Harry got a dog for Christmas. He was really pleased with it.
(he=Harry / it= dog)
Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a descriptive clause called a relative
clause.
Relative pronouns are used in all the examples below. Notice that the relative
pronoun follows the word that it describes.
• Who (generally only for people)
For example: Jane, who has blonde hair, was chosen for the netball team.
• Whom (generally only for people)
For example: The boy, whom you told me about, got full marks in the
mathematics test.
• Which (generally only for things)
For example: The table, which had been recently delivered, was placed
underneath the window.
 Whose (for possession)
For example: The lady, whose dog ran away, was upset.
• Where
For example: The pet shop, where I buy my dog food, is closing.
• Why
For example: This is why he refused to come.
• When
For example: There are times when I feel scared.
• That
For example: I don’t like the table that stands in the hall.
Possessive Pronouns
Certain pronouns called possessive pronouns show ownership. Some are used
alone; some describe a noun.
Used alone: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, whose
For example: That computer is hers.
Modify noun: my, your, his, her, its, our, their, whose
For example: That is her computer.
Please note that none of the possessive pronouns are spelled with an apostrophe.
6.
Prepositions
Prepositions are words such as ‘after, in, to, on, and with’ usually used in front of
nouns or pronouns. They show the relationship between the noun or pronoun and
other words in a sentence.
They describe, for example:
1. The position of something (where):
For example: The dog was under the chair.
The dog crawled between us and lay down at our feet.
The dog jumped over the chair.
2. The time when something happens (when):
For example: The dog ate the bone after I had taken him for a walk.
I walked the dog before breakfast.
The dog begged to go for a walk during dinner.
3. Some prepositions are made up of more than one word, for example:
For example: I could not have a dog as well as a cat.
The dog sat next to the cat.
The dog jumped on top of the cat.
There are many prepositions – here are some examples:
about
around
behind
between
during
inside
of
over
toward
with
7.
above
at
below
beyond
except
Instead of
off
since
under
without
Interjections
across
as well as
beneath
by
for
into
on
through
until
after
as a result of
beside
contrary to
from
like
out
throughout
up
against
before
besides
in
near
outside
to
upon
Interjections are short words that have no grammatical meaning, but just signify
emotions, such as "Aha" and "Wow". In writing, an interjection is typically followed
by an exclamation point.
8.
Conjunctions
A ‘junction’ is where 2 things join. Conjunctions are ‘connecting’ words that join
clauses together. The conjunction is the ‘junction’ of the sentence.
There are many conjunctions – here are some examples: and, so, but, because, or,
nor, yet, when, if, while, before, after, although, despite, whereas, since
For example: My dog ate the bones and biscuits when I was not looking.
My dog ate the bones and biscuits before I got home from school.
My dog ate the bones and biscuits after He ate his tea.
My dog ate the bones and biscuits while I went to the shop.
My dog ate the bones and biscuits because He was hungry.
9.
Determiners
Determiners are words like: the, a, an, my, some. They all come in front of nouns or
noun phrases.
Note: if the next word begins with a consonant, ‘a’ should be used (e.g. a rock). If
the next work begins with a vowel, ‘an’ should be used (e.g. an open box)
Other examples of determiners are: all, both, such, this, that, these, those, my,
our, your, his, her, its, some, any, no, other, last, next, many, few, little, much,
two, three, and so on.