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Plate Tectonics Review Sheet continental drift - the hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth’s surface The scientist who proposed the hypothesis of continental drift was: Alfred Wegener What was the name of the supercontinent? Pangaea. List and explain evidence that supports the hypothesis of continental drift. fit of continents - the continents fit together like puzzle pieces landforms (mountains) - half of a mountain range was on South American and the other half was on Africa fossils, and climate - matched across continents sea-floor spreading - the process by which new sea floor forms when magma rises to the surface, solidifies and pushes the old sea floor away subduction - the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle ocean basin -bottom of the deep ocean floor trench - a deep canyon in the ocean floor rift valley - a deep valley that forms where two plate move apart mid-ocean ridge - the undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; the longest chain of mountains in the world earthquake - the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath the Earth’s surface volcano - a vent in the Earth’s crust where magma and gases comes to the surface Where do most earthquakes and volcanoes occur? along plate boundaries tectonic plate - a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust What causes the plates to move? convection currents in the asthenosphere (upper mantle) State the Theory of Plate Tectonics. pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant. slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle There are _3_ kinds of plate boundaries. convergent boundary - a place where two plates come together, or converge divergent boundary - a place where two plates move apart, or diverge: sea floor spreading occurs or a rift valley occurs on land transform boundary - a place where tow plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions; fault line forms with lots of earthquakes occurring What happens when ............. a continental plate collides with an oceanic plate? continental plate (less dense)goes over the oceanic plate (more dense); subduction; trench forms a continental plate collides with a continental plate? head on collision; folded mountains form an oceanic plate collides with an oceanic plate? the less dense plate dives under the more dense plate; subduction; trench forms Be able to label the 7 major plates. plates are named by the major geographic feature (continent or ocean) on them