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Photosynthesis p. 118-122 #61 Questions and Vocab EQ: What happens during the process of photosynthesis? 5 study questions All living things need energy to live Ex: Zebra eats grass to provide energy to its cells, so the cells may carry out their functions Plants, algae, some fungi, and some bacteria get their energy from sunlight to make their own food photosynthesis Sources of Energy : the process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food Greek words photo = “light” synthesis = “put together” Nearly all living things obtain energy either directly or indirectly from the energy of sunlight captured in photosynthesis. How does the sun supply living things with the energy they need? Autotroph Heterotroph : an organism that makes its own food Ex: grass : and organism that can’t make its own food and has to eat other organisms to obtain energy Ex: zebra and lion Photosynthesis p. 118-122 #61 The Two Stages of Photosynthesis During photosynthesis, plants and some other organisms use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars. There are two stages of photosynthesis: capturing the sun’s light and making sugar 3. What happens during stage 1 of photosynthesis? Pigments Chlorophyll 4. What happens during stage 2 of photosynthesis? 2. What are the raw materials for photosynthesis? 5. What is the importance of stomata during the photosynthesis process? Stomata (stoma) Stage 1: Capturing the Sun’s Energy Plant leaves capture sunlight by using green pigments (chlorophyll) to absorb the sun’s energy : colored chemical compounds that absorb light : the main photosynthetic pigment stored in chloroplasts The plant uses this energy from the sun to power the second stage of photosynthesis Stage 2: Using Energy to Make Food In the next stage, the captured energy is used to make sugar (glucose) Water (H2O) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) are the two ingredients needed to make sugar (glucose) Water comes from the soil. It is absorbed from the plants roots and transferred up through the stem into the leaves. Carbon Dioxide comes from the air. It is a gas that enters into the leaves through stomata. : small openings found on the underside of leaves Once in the leaves, water and carbon dioxide move into the chloroplasts Photosynthesis p. 118-122 2. What are the products of photosynthesis? #61 Water and carbon dioxide undergo a series of chemical reactions. The chemical reactions need the energy of the sun to power them. The reactions makes two new products: glucose (sugar) and oxygen gas The sugar made from the process of photosynthesis contains the energy the plant can use to carry out its functions. Oxygen gas is a waste product and gets released through the stomata out into the air The Photosynthesis Equation The events of photosynthesis can be summed up by the following chemical equation It takes 6 carbon dioxide molecules and 6 water molecules to “yield” one sugar (glucose) molecule and 6 oxygen molecules. Light energy is needed for the reaction to occur. Plants use sugar (glucose) molecules in the following ways: o Break down the sugar molecules for energy (food source) o Build larger molecules (cellulose) to make structures for the plant o Store the sugar for future use Summary: 5-8 sentence paragraph Photosynthesis p. 118-122 #61