Download 1. Use the chart below to compare and contrast the ideas of four

Study Guide Due:
Date of DOK:
A day: __________________
A day: __________________
B day: __________________
B day: __________________
1. Use the chart below to compare and contrast the ideas of four early astronomers.
a. First, briefly describe each theory.
b. Next, for each theory, list the two key astronomers that agreed on that theory.
Description
Geocentric Theory
The Earth is the center of our universe
and the solar system.
Heliocentric Theory
The Sun is the center of our universe
and the solar system.
Astronomers who believed in this
theory
1. Aristotle
2. Ptolemy
1. Copernicus
2. Galileo
2. Take a look at your history of space exploration timeline.
a. What do you notice?
b. What are some ways space exploration has changed over time?
c. What is different about how we explore space now compared to how space was explored in the
past?
d. Use the above questions to help you form one answer about how space exploration has
changed over time:
__Space exploration has changed drastically over time. Scientists started out using observations
(their eyes) to look into space, but with the development of the telescope and other technology,
we have been able to explore further into space.
3. Why do all of the planets orbit around the Sun? _
The Sun’s gravity holds all of the planets in orbit around it.
4. Define an astronomical unit: __An Astronomical unit (AU) is the average distance between the Earth
and the Sun._________________________________________________________________
5. 1 AU = _____150 million___________ kilometers
6. Fill in the following chart with the missing information.
Planet
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Our 8 Planets (Plus One Dwarf Planet)
Distance from
Mnemonic Device
One Identifying Characteristic
the Sun (in AU)
Rocky, closest to the Sun, no
My
0.4 AU
atmosphere
Rocky, rotates backwards, hottest
Very
0.7 AU
planet
Excellent
1.0 AU
Rocky, 70% covered in water, life
Mother
1.5 AU
Rocky, Surface contains rust and iron
Gas Giant, largest planet, great red
Just
5.2 AU
spot (continuous storm)
Gas Giant, Rings are made of ice and
Served
9.5 AU
rock, over 60 moons
Gas Giant, Blue color because of
Us
19.2 AU
methane gas, spins on its plane of
orbit
Gas Giant, Bluish-Green color because
Nachos
30.6 AU
of methane gas
Pluto (Don’t forget, Pluto
is still out there past
Neptune, it’s just now
considered a Dwarf
Planet!)
39.5 AU
Dwarf Planet
7. What is one major difference between a planet and a dwarf planet? ___________________________
_Dwarf planets can NOT move other objects, such as asteroids, away from its orbital
neighborhood._________________________________________________________________________
_______
8. List two characteristics for planet Earth that makes Earth different from any other planet:
a. ________Earth has an atmosphere that makes it suitable for life_
b. _____Earth’s surface is 70% covered by water and Earth has all 3 phases (solid, liquid, gas) of
water.______________ _
9. Earth spins on an imaginary line called its ____Axis – it’s tilted_____________________________.
10. Fill in the following chart with the missing information.
Earth’s
Movement
Rotation:
Revolution:
Definition
Earth spins on a
tilted imaginary line
called an axis. Earth
spinning on its axis is
called rotation.
How Long it Takes
24 hours
This Causes…
An Example (Draw)
Day and Night Cycle
Earth orbits, or
revolves around the
sun. This means that
the Earth moves in a About 365 days
regular pattern
which is 1 year
around the Sun.
The seasons: Winter,
Spring, Summer, and
Fall
Electrons orbit around
the nucleus of an atom.
What would be the
approximate time here on
Earth?
11.
_12:00 am Midnight____
How do you know?
12:00 am (noon) is when
the sun is directly
overhead. That would be
the opposite side facing
the Sun, so the arrow
would be midnight.
12. What two reasons cause Earth to have seasons?
a. _______Earth’s tilt____________________
b. _______Earth’s revolution (orbit)______
c. How do these two reasons work together to cause Earth’s seasons? EXPLAIN!
Earth’s revolution (or orbit) places it at different positions around the Sun.
The tilt allows different hemispheres to receive more or less direct sunlight.
For example, when the northern hemisphere is tilted TOWARD the Sun, it is receiving MORE DIRECT sunlight and
would be experiencing SUMMER.
This would mean that the southern hemisphere is tilted away and receiving LESS DIRECT sunlight and would be
experiencing WINTER.
13. In the image to
the right, identify
which season
would be
occurring at
locations
A, B, C, and D.
summer
winter
spring
fall
14. Use the empty moons below to draw the phases of the moon, in order, following a New Moon. Name
each phase.
New Moon
First
Quarter
Waxing
Crescent
Waxing
Gibbous
Full Moon
Waning
Gibbous
Third
Quarter
Waning
Crescent
15. Using the diagrams below, draw the location of the moon to cause the two different types of eclipses.
SOLAR Eclipse
LUNAR Eclipse
Moon
Moon
16. What causes the tides?
The gravitational pull between the Earth, Moon and Sun
17. Which has a greater effect on the tides, the Sun or the Moon? Why??
The Moon has a greater effect on the tides because it is much closer to Earth.
18. In the spaces below, draw a diagram of a spring tide and a diagram of a neap tide.
Spring Tide
Neap Tide