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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11) NOTES-PAGE 23 PARTICIPIAL PHRASES For the next three units we'll be learning about those verbals we talked about back in Unit #4. There are three verbals in our language: participles, gerunds, and infinitives. This unit is about the participle. DEFINITION: A participial phrase is a group of words beginning with a participle which acts as an ADJECTIVE. A participle is a verb form that acts like an adjective. There are two kinds of participles: 1.) PRESENT PARTICIPLES are verbs that end in “ing.” (giving, taking, being, etc.) 2.) PAST PARTICIPLES are verbs that will fit into the phrase “I have ____” (walked, given, done, been, etc.) If you found a participle all by itself in a sentence, you would call it an adjective because that is how it acts. You would also diagram it as a regular adjective. EXAMPLE: art adj n av pro A smiling policeman helped us. policeman helped sm A ili ng us If, however, your participle comes in a PHRASE, it must be diagramed in a special way. You know you have a PARTICIPIAL PHRASE when your verb form acts like a verb as well as an adjective. For example, it may have a direct object, etc. Since a participial phrase acts like an adjective, it is attached in the diagram to the noun or pronoun it modifies. The pattern looks like this (it’s called a “dogleg”): noun or pronoun being modified pa rt icipal _________ The following example diagrams show you what to do when you have a— A. PARTICIPLE WITH DIRECT OBJECT: EXAMPLE: art n v art adj n hv av A box containing a birthday gift was delivered. (notice that the participle is marked “v” - not “av” - because it’s a verbal.) box A was delivered co nt a ining gift a bi rth da y (over) Exclusive permission to copy granted to Kelly Buonauro. ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11) NOTES - PAGE 24 B. PARTICIPLE WITH MODIFIERS: EXAMPLE: pro av art n v pp pn I read a book written (by Dickens). I read book a w rit ten by Dickens C. PARTICIPIAL PHRASE WITH PREDICATE NOMINATIVE OR ADJECTIVE: EXAMPLE: v p-adj art n hv av pp pn Smelling delicious, the turkey was carved (by Dad). turkey Sm el th e ling was carved by Dad delicious IMPORTANT: A participial phrase is an adjective. It can modify any noun or pronoun in the sentence. By the way, when a participial phrase is INTRODUCTORY (in other words, it comes at the beginning of the sentence), it is set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma. Exclusive permission to copy granted to Kelly Buonauro. ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11) EXERCISE #1 PARTICIPIAL PHRASES: EXERCISE #1 NAME:__________________________________________________DATE:__________________________ PART I: DIRECTIONS: Look at each verb below. If it looks like a PRESENT PARTICIPLE, mark “pres” in the space at the left. If it looks like a PAST PARTICIPLE, mark “past.” If the verb could not possibly be a participle, write “verb.” _________1. spinning __________6. win _________2. was __________7. behave _________3. heard __________8. placed _________4. has gone __________9. look _________5. having _________10. could PART II: DIRECTIONS: Parse the sentences below and put prepositional phrases in parentheses. Underline the participial phrases (when underlining, always include the phrase plus any of its modifiers). Diagram the sentences. CHECK THE BACK FOR ADDITIONAL WORK. 1. Outrunning the hounds, the fox easily escaped. 2. I saw him fishing contentedly by the river. 3. Tackled on the one-yard line, the quarterback fumbled the ball. 4. Wildly cheering for the team, we celebrated their victory. 5. The clerk handed the customer a box wrapped in white paper and tied with red ribbon. 6. Balancing a book on her head, the girl walked slowly across the room. 7. The professor wrote a note expressing her approval of the plan. 8. The children found an arrowhead buried on the riverbank. PART III: DIRECTIONS: 1.) Make up a participial phrase to modify the SUBJECT of the following sentence. Diagram your completed sentence. THE COACH SIGNALLED A TIME-OUT. 2.) Make up a participial phrase to modify the DIRECT OBJECT of the following sentence. Diagram your completed sentence. I HAVE THREE FRIENDS. (over) Exclusive permission to copy granted to Kelly Buonauro. ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11) EXERCISE #1 - PAGE 2 Write what job the following words are doing in the sentences in PART II. Choose your answers from among the following: SUBJECT PREDICATE NOMINATIVE OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION DIRECT OBJECT VERB INDIRECT OBJECT PREDICATE ADJECTIVE MODIFIER SENTENCE # WORD JOB 1 fox _______________________________________________ 2 contentedly _______________________________________________ 3 line _______________________________________________ 4 Wildly _______________________________________________ 5 customer _______________________________________________ 5 box _______________________________________________ 6 girl _______________________________________________ 7 wrote _______________________________________________ Exclusive permission to copy granted to Kelly Buonauro. ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11) EXERCISE #2 PARTICIPIAL PHRASES: EXERCISE #2 NAME:__________________________________________________DATE:_________________________ PART I: DIRECTIONS: Parse the sentences below and put prepositional phrases in parentheses. Underline the participial phrases. Diagram the entire sentence. 1. Smiling happily at the audience, the actress accepted the flowers. 2. Did you see Fred riding his bicycle today? 3. The cake, baked by a master chef and beautifully decorated, was the hit of the party. 4. Being a devout coward, I naturally avoid any contact with violent people. 5. Please read three books written by American authors during this year. 6. Screeching at the top of her lungs, Tillie hit the man with her bag. 7. Give the lady seated by my mother this glass of lemonade. 8. Choosing a huge piece of chocolate from the box, Mimi yawned lazily and continued her reading. PART II: DIRECTIONS: Make up a participial phrase to modify the INDIRECT OBJECT of the following sentence. I TOLD THE STUDENTS A STORY. (over) Exclusive permission to copy granted to Kelly Buonauro. ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11) EXERCISE #2 - PAGE 2 DIRECTIONS: Write what job the following words are doing in the sentences in PART I. Choose your answers from among the following: SUBJECT PREDICATE NOMINATIVE DIRECT OBJECT INDIRECT OBJECT MODIFIER OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION PREDICATE ADJECTIVE VERB SENTENCE # WORD JOB 1 flowers _____________________________________________________ 2 bicycle _____________________________________________________ 3 hit _____________________________________________________ 4 coward _____________________________________________________ 4 contact _____________________________________________________ 5 books _____________________________________________________ 6 lungs _____________________________________________________ 7 lady _____________________________________________________ 7 glass _____________________________________________________ 8 lazily _____________________________________________________ Exclusive permission to copy granted to Kelly Buonauro. ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11) EXERCISE #3 PARTICIPIAL PHRASES: EXERCISE #3 NAME:_________________________________________________DATE:___________________________ PART I: DIRECTIONS: Parse the sentences below and put prepositional phrases in parentheses. Underline the participial phrases. Diagram the entire sentence. 1. Carrying a large package, the messenger stumbled across the room. 2. The dog, attracted by the smell of meat, trotted over to the stranger. 3. The men playing golf at the country club helped us. 4. We noticed an old cowboy tanned deeply by the sun. 5. The store was packed with customers Christmas shopping and looking for bargains. 6. Feeling suddenly bored by her guests, the hostess stifled a yawn. 7. Which of those men wearing suits is your boss? 8. Bring me a sundae smothered in hot fudge and whipped cream. 9. Did a lady carrying a baby just run by this house? 10. Easily tired since her operation, Emily rested after lunch in her room. PART II: DIRECTIONS: 1.) Make up a participial phrase to modify the PREDICATE NOMINATIVE of the following sentence. Diagram your completed sentence. HE WAS AN OLD MAN. 2.) Make up a participial phrase to modify the OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION in the following sentence. Diagram your completed sentence. I SENT A LETTER TO MY AUNT. (over) Exclusive permission to copy granted to Kelly Buonauro. ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11) EXERCISE #3 - PAGE 2 DIRECTIONS: Write what job the following words are doing in the sentenceS in PART I. Choose your answers from among the following: SUBJECT OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION PREDICATE NOMINATIVE DIRECT OBJECT INDIRECT OBJECT MODIFIER PREDICATE ADJECTIVE VERB SENTENCE # WORD 1 package _____________________________________________________ 2 meat _____________________________________________________ 2 stranger _____________________________________________________ 3 men _____________________________________________________ 3 us ______________________________________________________ 4 deeply _____________________________________________________ 5 was packed _____________________________________________________ 6 bored _____________________________________________________ 7 suits _____________________________________________________ 8 hot _____________________________________________________ 9 house _____________________________________________________ 10 Emily _____________________________________________________ JOB Exclusive permission to copy granted to Kelly Buonauro.