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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11)
NOTES-PAGE 23
PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
For the next three units we'll be learning about those verbals we talked about back in Unit #4. There are three verbals
in our language: participles, gerunds, and infinitives. This unit is about the participle.
DEFINITION: A participial phrase is a group of words beginning with a participle which acts as an ADJECTIVE.
A participle is a verb form that acts like an adjective. There are two kinds of participles:
1.)
PRESENT PARTICIPLES are verbs that end in “ing.” (giving,
taking, being, etc.)
2.)
PAST PARTICIPLES are verbs that will fit into the phrase
“I have ____” (walked, given, done, been, etc.)
If you found a participle all by itself in a sentence, you would call it an adjective because that is how it acts. You
would also diagram it as a regular adjective.
EXAMPLE:
art adj
n
av pro
A smiling policeman helped us.
policeman helped
sm
A
ili
ng
us
If, however, your participle comes in a PHRASE, it must be diagramed in a special way. You know you have a
PARTICIPIAL PHRASE when your verb form acts like a verb as well as an adjective. For example, it may have a
direct object, etc.
Since a participial phrase acts like an adjective, it is attached in the diagram to the noun or pronoun it modifies. The
pattern looks like this (it’s called a “dogleg”):
noun or pronoun being modified
pa
rt
icipal
_________
The following example diagrams show you what to do when you have a—
A.
PARTICIPLE WITH DIRECT OBJECT:
EXAMPLE:
art n
v
art adj
n hv
av
A box containing a birthday gift was delivered.
(notice that the participle is marked “v” - not “av” - because it’s a verbal.)
box
A
was delivered
co
nt
a ining
gift
a
bi
rth
da
y
(over)
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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11)
NOTES - PAGE 24
B. PARTICIPLE WITH MODIFIERS:
EXAMPLE:
pro av art n
v
pp
pn
I read a book written (by Dickens).
I
read
book
a
w
rit
ten
by
Dickens
C. PARTICIPIAL PHRASE WITH PREDICATE NOMINATIVE OR ADJECTIVE:
EXAMPLE:
v
p-adj
art n
hv
av
pp pn
Smelling delicious, the turkey was carved (by Dad).
turkey
Sm
el
th
e
ling
was carved
by
Dad
delicious
IMPORTANT: A participial phrase is an adjective. It can modify any noun or pronoun in the sentence. By the way,
when a participial phrase is INTRODUCTORY (in other words, it comes at the beginning of the sentence), it is set
off from the rest of the sentence by a comma.
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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11)
EXERCISE #1
PARTICIPIAL PHRASES: EXERCISE #1
NAME:__________________________________________________DATE:__________________________
PART I: DIRECTIONS: Look at each verb below. If it looks like a PRESENT PARTICIPLE, mark “pres” in the
space at the left. If it looks like a PAST PARTICIPLE, mark “past.” If the verb could not possibly be a participle,
write “verb.”
_________1. spinning
__________6. win
_________2. was
__________7. behave
_________3. heard
__________8. placed
_________4. has gone
__________9. look
_________5. having
_________10. could
PART II: DIRECTIONS: Parse the sentences below and put prepositional phrases in parentheses. Underline the
participial phrases (when underlining, always include the phrase plus any of its modifiers). Diagram the
sentences. CHECK THE BACK FOR ADDITIONAL WORK.
1.
Outrunning the hounds, the fox easily escaped.
2.
I saw him fishing contentedly by the river.
3.
Tackled on the one-yard line, the quarterback fumbled the ball.
4.
Wildly cheering for the team, we celebrated their victory.
5.
The clerk handed the customer a box wrapped in white paper and tied with red ribbon.
6.
Balancing a book on her head, the girl walked slowly across the room.
7.
The professor wrote a note expressing her approval of the plan.
8.
The children found an arrowhead buried on the riverbank.
PART III: DIRECTIONS:
1.) Make up a participial phrase to modify the SUBJECT of the following sentence. Diagram your
completed sentence.
THE COACH SIGNALLED A TIME-OUT.
2.) Make up a participial phrase to modify the DIRECT OBJECT of the following sentence. Diagram your
completed sentence.
I HAVE THREE FRIENDS.
(over)
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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11)
EXERCISE #1 - PAGE 2
Write what job the following words are doing in the sentences in PART II. Choose your answers from among the
following:
SUBJECT
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE
OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION
DIRECT OBJECT
VERB
INDIRECT OBJECT PREDICATE ADJECTIVE MODIFIER
SENTENCE #
WORD
JOB
1
fox
_______________________________________________
2
contentedly
_______________________________________________
3
line
_______________________________________________
4
Wildly
_______________________________________________
5
customer
_______________________________________________
5
box
_______________________________________________
6
girl
_______________________________________________
7
wrote
_______________________________________________
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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11)
EXERCISE #2
PARTICIPIAL PHRASES: EXERCISE #2
NAME:__________________________________________________DATE:_________________________
PART I: DIRECTIONS: Parse the sentences below and put prepositional phrases in parentheses. Underline the
participial phrases. Diagram the entire sentence.
1.
Smiling happily at the audience, the actress accepted the flowers.
2.
Did you see Fred riding his bicycle today?
3.
The cake, baked by a master chef and beautifully decorated, was the hit of the party.
4.
Being a devout coward, I naturally avoid any contact with violent people.
5.
Please read three books written by American authors during this year.
6.
Screeching at the top of her lungs, Tillie hit the man with her bag.
7.
Give the lady seated by my mother this glass of lemonade.
8.
Choosing a huge piece of chocolate from the box, Mimi yawned lazily and continued her reading.
PART II: DIRECTIONS: Make up a participial phrase to modify the INDIRECT OBJECT of the following
sentence.
I TOLD THE STUDENTS A STORY.
(over)
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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11)
EXERCISE #2 - PAGE 2
DIRECTIONS: Write what job the following words are doing in the sentences in PART I. Choose your answers
from among the following:
SUBJECT
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE
DIRECT OBJECT
INDIRECT OBJECT
MODIFIER
OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION
PREDICATE ADJECTIVE
VERB
SENTENCE #
WORD
JOB
1
flowers
_____________________________________________________
2
bicycle
_____________________________________________________
3
hit
_____________________________________________________
4
coward
_____________________________________________________
4
contact
_____________________________________________________
5
books
_____________________________________________________
6
lungs
_____________________________________________________
7
lady
_____________________________________________________
7
glass
_____________________________________________________
8
lazily
_____________________________________________________
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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11)
EXERCISE #3
PARTICIPIAL PHRASES: EXERCISE #3
NAME:_________________________________________________DATE:___________________________
PART I: DIRECTIONS: Parse the sentences below and put prepositional phrases in parentheses. Underline the
participial phrases. Diagram the entire sentence.
1.
Carrying a large package, the messenger stumbled across the room.
2.
The dog, attracted by the smell of meat, trotted over to the stranger.
3.
The men playing golf at the country club helped us.
4.
We noticed an old cowboy tanned deeply by the sun.
5.
The store was packed with customers Christmas shopping and looking for bargains.
6.
Feeling suddenly bored by her guests, the hostess stifled a yawn.
7.
Which of those men wearing suits is your boss?
8.
Bring me a sundae smothered in hot fudge and whipped cream.
9.
Did a lady carrying a baby just run by this house?
10.
Easily tired since her operation, Emily rested after lunch in her room.
PART II: DIRECTIONS:
1.) Make up a participial phrase to modify the PREDICATE NOMINATIVE of the following sentence.
Diagram your completed sentence.
HE WAS AN OLD MAN.
2.) Make up a participial phrase to modify the OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION in the following sentence.
Diagram your completed sentence.
I SENT A LETTER TO MY AUNT.
(over)
Exclusive permission to copy granted to Kelly Buonauro.
ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #11)
EXERCISE #3 - PAGE 2
DIRECTIONS: Write what job the following words are doing in the sentenceS in PART I. Choose your answers
from among the following:
SUBJECT
OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE
DIRECT OBJECT
INDIRECT OBJECT
MODIFIER
PREDICATE ADJECTIVE
VERB
SENTENCE #
WORD
1
package
_____________________________________________________
2
meat
_____________________________________________________
2
stranger
_____________________________________________________
3
men
_____________________________________________________
3
us
______________________________________________________
4
deeply
_____________________________________________________
5
was packed
_____________________________________________________
6
bored
_____________________________________________________
7
suits
_____________________________________________________
8
hot
_____________________________________________________
9
house
_____________________________________________________
10
Emily
_____________________________________________________
JOB
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