Download types of propaganda

What is Propaganda?
Definition
● The manipulation of information to influence public opinion
● The spreading of ideas, facts, information, claims, or
rumors for the purpose of helping OR hurting an institution,
a cause, or a purpose.
Characteristics of Propaganda
● Propaganda’s persuasive techniques are regularly applied
by politicians, advertisers, journalists, radio personalities,
and others who are interested in influencing human
behavior.
● Propagandistic messages can be used to accomplish
positive social ends, as in campaigns to reduce drunk
driving, but they are also used to win elections and to sell
products.
Propaganda
● Persuading with BRIEF techniques not massive
amounts of facts (flyers, pins, ads, slogans, etc.)
● Can manipulate people or distort information
● Often appeals to emotions
Examples of Propaganda
● During WWII, propaganda was used by nations (Russia &
the United States) on both sides to shape public opinion
and build loyalty.
● The Nazis used propaganda to promote Nazism,
anti-Semitism, and the belief of an Aryan master race.
● Nazi propaganda was delivered through the
Nazi-controlled mass media, banners, posters, and in
fanatical/passionate speeches to audiences at mass rallies.
TYPES OF PROPAGANDA
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Plain Folk
Bandwagon
Testimonial
Transfer
Fear
Logical Fallacies
Glittering Generalities
Name-calling
PLAIN FOLKS
●
●
●
“Common man”
The candidate or cause that is being promoted attempts to reflect the common
sense of people
Uses ordinary language or mannerisms
Example: After a morning speech to wealthy Democrat donors, Bill Clinton stops
by McDonald’s for a burger, fries, and photo-op
BANDWAGON
●
●
●
The basic idea behind the bandwagon approach is just that, “getting on the
bandwagon.”
This type of propaganda puts forth the idea that everyone is doing this, or
everyone supports this person/cause, so should you.
This appeals to people because no one wants to feel left out from what is
perceived to be the “popular” trend.
Example: Everyone in Lemmingtown is behind Jim Duffy for Mayor. Shouldn’t
you be part of this winning team?
December 15, 2016:
Finish our propaganda notes-- view examples of propaganda
Small group projects on propaganda in Animal Farm
Vocabulary #7 Words
TESTIMONIAL
●
●
Celebrity endorsement of a philosophy, brand, movement, or candidate.
In advertising, for example, athletes are often paid millions of dollars to
promote sport shoes, equipment, and fast food.
Example: “Sam Slugger”, a baseball Hall of Famer who led the pros in hitting for
years, appears in a television ad supporting Mike Politico for U.S. Senate. Since
Sam is well known and respected in his home state and nationally, he will likely
gain Mike Politico many votes just by his appearance with the candidate.
TRANSFER
●
●
Employs the use of symbols, quotes, or images of famous people to convey a
message not necessarily associated with them.
Uses images that stir emotions
-Religion
- Science
- Medicine
Example: The environmentalist group PEOPLE PROMOTING PLANTS, in its
attempt to prevent a highway from destroying the natural habitat of
thousands of plant species, produces a television ad with a “scientist” in a
white lab coat explaining the dramatic consequences of altering the food
chain by destroying this habitat.
FEAR
4 Elements of a Successful FEAR appeal
●
●
●
●
Use threats
Makes a specific recommendation about how the audience should behave
Audience must feel that the recommendation will be effective in addressing
the threat.
Audience must feel that they are not powerless and capable of performing the
recommended behavior.
Example: The Citizens for Retired Rights present a magazine ad showing an
elderly couple living in poverty because their social security benefits have been
drastically cut by the Republicans in Congress. The solution? The Citizens for
Retired Rights urges you to vote Democrats.
Logical Fallacies
●
●
●
Applying logic, one can usually draw a conclusion from one or more
established premises.
Tendency to make huge predictions about the future on the basis of a few
small facts.
Can be true or false
Example:
Premise 1: Tyler got a speeding ticket.
Premise 2: Tyler got in a fender bender
Conclusion: Tyler is a bad driver.
Glittering Generalities
●
●
A glittering generality (also called glowing generality) is an emotionally
appealing phrase so closely associated with highly valued concepts and
beliefs that it carries conviction without supporting information or reason.
Seeks to make us approve and accept without examining
Example: An ad by a cigarette manufacturer proclaims to smokers: Don’t let
them take your rights away! (*Rights is a powerful word, something that stirs the
emotions of many, but few on either side would agree on exactly what the
‘rights’ of smokers are.)
Name-calling
●
●
●
The opposite of Glittering Generalities
Links a person or idea to a negative symbol
Can be obvious or subtle (involves words or phrases that are selected
because they possess a negative emotional charge)
Example: My opponent is a flip-flop man who cannot make up his mind. He
changes mind with the breeze! How could anyone follow such a weak-willed
flip-flopper?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2c2mPpvcpw
Identify the type of propaganda that is being used in each Super Bowl commercial
Small Group Assignment
In your small groups work with your partner(s) to find different examples of
propaganda in Animal Farm.
WORK TOGETHER-- THIS WILL BE COUNTED AS AN ASSESSMENT GRADE!