Download Enlightenment Ideas Spread

Enlightenment Ideas Spread
Map of Enlightenment
Paris
Paris, France, was the heart of the
Enlightenment movement in Europe.
Many philosophers flocked to Paris
to exchange ideas about society,
economics, politics.
They challenged traditional,
outdated, stale beliefs.
Philosophers wanted to change the
established way of doing things.
Philosphers
Philosophers deemed
ideas in the Age of Reason
to be outdated,
unscientific, and irrational.
A just society should teach
social justice and
happiness for all instead
of continuing illogical
traditions.
Censorship
Governments and church disapproved of philosophe writings
because they contradicted traditional teachings and way of life.
Church and government censored (restricted) new ideas
Church and government banned and burned books that
contained new ideas about society
Writers were imprisoned
Many writers disguised their ideas in fictional novels
Educated readers realized they were really reading about the
philosophe’s ideas
Salons
Informal social gathering spots
Ideas exchanged among writers, artists, philosophes,
etc.
Salons developed in Paris
Noblewomen invited friends to homes for poetry
readings
Philosophes held intellectual discussions on numerous
topics – society, economics, politics
Art and Literature Reflected New
Ideas About European Society
Baroque Art
Huge, colorful paintings, full of excitement
Glorified historical battles or lives of saints
Age of Louis XIV (French king)
Caravaggio
Supper at Emmaus
Caravaggio
The Decapitation of St. John the Baptist
Caravaggio
The Sacrifice of Isaac
Peter Paul Rubens
Daniel in the Lion’s Den
Peter Paul Ruben
The Descent From the Cross
Peter Paul Ruben
The Garden of Love
Rococo
Less religious themes
Lighter, splendid, and charming
Associated with reign of Louis XV-popular in France
Encouraged imagination
Painters showed subjects in rural settings surrounded
by happy servants and pets
Too superficial for the philosophes but well liked by
upper and middle classes
Francois Boucher
Allegory of Painting
Francois Boucher
Pastoral Setting
Francois Boucher
Shepherd Boy Playing Bagpipes
Jean-Honoré Fragonard
The Swing
Antoine Watteau
Embarkation for Cythera
Music
Classical music developed
Ballets and operas
Music became more affordable for middle classes
Johann Sebastian Bach
Master composer
Religious compositions for organ and choirs
Wrote pieces for sonatas and harpsichord
J.S. Bach
George Friedrich Handel
Composed Water Music
Messiah – often performed during
Christmas and Easter
George Friedrich Handel
Franz Joseph Haydn
Important figure in development of classical music
Developed music for symphony and string quartet
Franz Joseph Haydn
(1732-1809)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Performed operas, symphonies, and emotional
religious music
Died at 35
Produced enormous amount of music during his short
lifetime
W.A. Mozart
(1756-1791)
Enlightened Despots
Philosophes tried to convince ruling monarchs to
accept their reformist ideas
Some rulers rejected ideas of philosophes
Rulers who did accept the ideas were called
enlightened despots
Enlightened despots were absolute rulers who used
their power to make political and social change
Frederick II
aka Frederick the Great
Absolute ruler of Prussia who accepted Enlightenment ideas
Reduced torture and allowed free press
Desired to make Prussia more efficient
Reorganized government’s civil service and laws
Tolerated religious differences; welcomed victims of religious
persecution
Catherine the Great
Empress of Russia
Believed in Enlightenment
ideas of equality and liberty
Made limited reforms
Abolished torture
Established religious tolerance
Gave nobles a charter of rights
Criticized serfdom
Maria Theresa
Empress of Habsburg Empire (Austria)
Worked to improve peasants’ way of life
Considered to be an enlightened despot
Joseph II
Son of Maria Theresa
Eager student of Enlightenment
Traveled throughout the countryside in disguise to learn
problems of his people
Supported religious equality for Protestants and Jews in his
Catholic empire
Joseph II
He ended censorship; allowed free press
Tried to bring Catholic Church under royal control
Sold property of monasteries to care for the sick
Abolished serfdom (a servant or laborer of olden times who was
treated as part of the land worked on and went along with the land if it
was sold)
Homework Assignment
Review the following questions on the
next slide.
Write your answers on a sheet of paper.
We will grade your responses in red pen
tomorrow in class.
Powerpoint Questions
1. What is censorship? What were censored?
2. Where did philosophes discuss issues?
3. What city was the heart of the
Enlightenment?
4. Who was an enlightened despot?
5. What did Catherine the Great 1) abolish
and 2) establish in Russia?
6. What reforms did Joseph II make to his
kingdom? (6 points)
The End