Download Revision questions Development indicators

Revision questions
Development indicators
Composite indicators
Value of indicators
Types of questions that you can be asked
• Name Social or Economic indicators.
• Describe the value of single indicators.
• Explain why HDI and PQLI are better than
a single indicator.
Question:
• Name 4 Social and 4
Economic development
indicators.
Question:
• Remember you must say the
full indicator. For example
Birth Rate alone would get no
marks.
• Birth Rate per 1000 people of
the population.
Question: 2009 P2 Q6
• (a) Study Reference Map Q6 which shows
the Human Development Index (HDI) for
countries of the world.
• Explain the advantages of using a
composite indicator of development such as
the HDI rather than a single indicator.
Question: 2009 P2 Q6
• (a) Study Reference Map Q6 which shows the Human Development
Index (HDI) for countries of the world.
• Explain the advantages of using a composite indicator of development
such as the HDI rather than a single in indicators
• Essentially single indicators are too broad/generalised:
• they are averages which disguise or distort wide internal variations eg
a few.
• immensely wealthy families but the majority of the population may be
living at subsistence level
• combining indication on health, education and the economy give a
more balanced view of development
Question: 2009 P2 Q6
• some regions/areas of a country may be much better off than others –
‘northsouth’ or ‘urban-rural’ contrasts
• GNP figures are in some cases inflated by oil revenues (showing a big
gap between these and other indicators that have yet to ‘catch up’)
• subsistence agriculture and ‘barter economies’ are not included in
wealth indicators.
• certain indicators are perhaps irrelevant to the real quality of life in
many poorer ELDCs eg TVs per household when there is no electricity
supply.
Question:
• Why is one development indicator
not enough to show the true level
of development in a country?
Question:
• How do you think you would
answer this?
• It is EXACTLY the same as the
last question.
Question:
• Why is there differences in
development within some
developing countries?
Question:
• Why is there differences in
development within some
developing countries?
• BRAZIL
Brazil:
• Advantages of the South East
• Lower rainfall throughout the year & higher altitude means cooler
temperatures - a more hospitable climate for settlement
• SE has a number of natural harbours which encourage ports, so trade
• Port development led to manufacturing development e.g. steel, cars.
• Main iron, gold and manganese deposits are found in the SE. Iron ore
led to the development of steel industry
• Location of industry leads to development of energy resources (HEP)
Brazil:
• Small off-shore oil field recently developed near Rio
•
Major urban areas - golden triangle Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and
Belo Horizonte attracts multinational companies (Ford, ICI), and
migrant workers. 7 out of ICI’s 8 plants in Brazil are located in SE
• Component industries are attracted by the multinationals
• The majority of Brazilian road network is in south east, better
infrastructure encourages trade and investment
Brazil:
• Industrialisation has led to investment in education and
technical skills
• The majority of cash crops (coffee, cotton) are grown in the SE which
means a higher income and consequently investment in that area. SE
has very fertile Terra Rossa soils
• There has been major investment into the cities, such as Rio de
Janeiro, for the upcoming World Cup and Olympic games. This has
divided the population as many poor people living in the Favelas are
getting poorer while the rich people are enjoying an even better life.
Brazil:
• Disadvantages of the North East
• NE suffers periodic drought (Caatinga: drought zone) resulting in crop
failure
• Subsistence farmers in NE grow nothing surplus to their needs due to
poor and exhausted soils.
• The high birth rate means the area is overpopulated.
• Lack of amenities compared to the big cities means a lot of the active
population leave.
Brazil:
•
Disadvantages of the North
•
Hot and wet climate – low temperature range and over 200mm of rain per
annum.
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Mainly covered in rainforest
Poor infrastructure in such a vast area (42% of Brazil’s total area)
Low population densities – 1.4 people per km 2
Poor quality soils, unsuitable for agriculture
Minerals are located in the N and are exploited (world’s largest Bauxite mine
found in Carajas)