Download File - Ms. Nancy K. Ware`s US History Classes

SSUSH 20 The student will analyze the
domestic and international impact of
the Cold War on the United States
a)
b)
c)
d)
Describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S.
commitment to Europe, the Truman Doctrine and the
origins and implications of the containment policy.
Explain the impact of the new communist regime in
China, the outbreak of the Korean War, and how these
events contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph
McCarthy.
Describe Cuban Revolution the Bay of Pigs and the
Cuban missile crisis.
Describe the Vietnam War, the Tet offensive, and
growing opposition to the war.
The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged
as the Two Superpowers After
WWII
The Bi-Polarization of Europe:
The Beginning of the Cold War
The Iron Curtain: NATO vs.
Warsaw Pact
• The Iron Curtain symbolized the
ideological fighting and physical boundary
dividing Europe into two separate areas
from the end of World War II in 1945 until
the end of the Cold War in 1991. On
either side of the Iron Curtain, states
developed their own international
economic and military alliances.
• Physically, the Iron Curtain took the
shape of border defenses between the
countries of Europe in the middle of the
continent. The most notable border was
marked by the Berlin Wall, which served
as a symbol of the Curtain as a whole.
The Division of Germany:
1945 - 1990
20a. The Start of the Cold War
• Marshall Plan~ a financial plan
was developed by Secretary of
State George C. Marshall to
spark economic recovery in war
torn Western Europe. The
monetary aid helped to stop the
USSR & communism from
spreading into Western Europe.
• The Truman Doctrine ~ the
policy started by helping the
countries of Greece and Turkey
stop Soviet expansion into their
countries. Truman’s foreign policy
stated the United States would
help any country that opposed
communism (foreshadow!!)
20a. The Start of the Cold War
• Addition to the Truman Doctrine
was the Policy of Containment
• Containment was a United States
policy using military, economic,
and diplomatic strategies to
temper (stall or stop) the spread of
Communism, enhance America’s
security and influence abroad, and
prevent a "domino effect”.
• The policy was a response to a
series of moves by the Soviet
Union to expand Communist
influence in Eastern Europe,
China, and Korea
• George F. Kennan- developed the
philosophy of containment.
20b. Chinese Communist Revolution
• The Chinese Civil War was fought
between the Kuomintang (KMT or
Chinese Nationalist Party) led by
Chiang Kai-shek (US backed) and the
Communist Party of China led by Mao
Zedong (USSR backed) (CPC).
• The war began in April 1927, stopped
during WWII, then resumed in 1946.
• The war was fought over an ideological
split between the Western-supported
Nationalist KMT and the Sovietsupported Communist CPC.
• The Communists took control and the
People's Republic of China emerged
after WWII around 1950.
20b. The Rise of Communism
• The Korean War- the war
started when communist
troops from North Korea
invaded democratic South
Korea.
• The United States and the UN
aided South Korea, but China
became involved when the
allied forces invaded North
Korea.
• The war ended July 27, 1953, •
with Korea being divided
along the 38th parallel.
•
• This war accomplished
nothing.
• Video the Korean War
Inside North Korea:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
loyw9eqkPjU&safety_mode=true&
persist_safety_mode=1&safe=acti
ve
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
19RLKDfUPyY&feature=endscree
n&NR=1&safety_mode=true&persi
st_safety_mode=1&safe=active
20b. Korean Conflict (WAR) 1950-1953
20b. Korea: What Did It
Accomplish?
20b. The Rise of Communism
• Joseph McCarthy was an American
politician who served as a Republican U.S.
Senator from the state of Wisconsin from
1947 until his death in 1957.
• Beginning in 1950, McCarthy became the
most visible public face of a period in which
Cold War tensions fueled fears of
widespread Communist subversion.
• He was noted for making claims that there
were large numbers of Communists and
Soviet spies and sympathizers inside the
United States federal government and
elsewhere. (especially Hollywood)
• Ultimately, McCarthy's tactics and his
inability to substantiate his claims led him to
be censured by the United States Senate.
The term McCarthyism, coined in 1950 in
reference to McCarthy's practices, was soon
applied to similar anti-communist pursuits.
20b. McCarthyism
• Wisconsin Senator
Joseph McCarthy was
convinced that communist
had infiltrated high levels
of government and the US
military
• Eventually he had to
defend his accusations in
a series of televised
hearings.
• McCarthyism- ideas and
fears of communism
voiced by McCarthy and
his supporters
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Po5
GlFba5Yg&safety_mode=true&persist
_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Confrontation with Cuba
• In 1960, John F.
Kennedy was elected
the youngest
President of the
United States
• Kennedy had to
continue to deal with
the Cold War in his
Presidency – the first
problem was with
Cuba
20c. Cuban Revolution
• The Cuban Revolution was an armed revolt
that led to the overthrow of dictator Fulgencio
Batista’s pro United States government of
Cuba on January 1, 1959 by the 26th of July
Movement led by Fidel Castro.
• The United States, not wanting a Communist
country in their backyard imposed economic
sanctions
• The United States embargo against Cuba
(described in Cuba as el bloqueo, Spanish for
"the blockade") is a commercial, economic,
and financial embargo partially imposed on
Cuba in October 1960. It was enacted after
Cuba expropriated (confiscated &
redistributed) the properties of United States
citizens and corporations and it was
strengthened to a near-total embargo since
February 7, 1962.
• Watch the video
Confrontation with Cuba
• In 1959, Fidel Castro
overthrew the Cuban
government and became
head of the Communist
government in Cuba
• Castro was receiving aid
from the Soviet Union
• When Kennedy became
President, he learned of a
plan, approved by
Eisenhower, to overthrow
Castro via the CIA
20c. Bay of Pigs Invasion
• An unsuccessful attempt by an
United States CIA -trained force of
Cuban exiles to invade southern
Cuba, with support from US
government armed forces, to
overthrow the Cuban government of
Fidel Castro and the newly
established Communist government.
• The plan was launched in April 1961,
less than three months after John F.
Kennedy assumed the presidency.
The Cuban armed forces, trained
and equipped by the Soviet Union,
defeated the exile combatants in
three days.
• The failure of this operation was an
embarrassment to the Kennedy
administration and led to the Cuban
Missile Crisis.
20c. Cuban Missile Crisis
http://www.cas.sc.edu/hist/Oval
OfficeTapes/Cuban%20Missile
%20Crisis.htm
20c. Cuban Missile Crisis
• The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation
between the United States, the Soviet Union, and
Cuba in October 1962, during the Cold War.
• In September 1962, the Cuban and Soviet
governments placed nuclear missiles in Cuba.
When United States military intelligence
discovered the weapons, the U.S. government did
all it could to ensure the removal of the missiles.
• The crisis ranks with the Berlin Blockade as one of
the major confrontations of the Cold War, and is
generally regarded as the moment in which the
Cold War came closest to a nuclear war.
• Cuban Missile Crisis Video
20c. Cuban Missile Crisis
• The US saw this as a direct threat that must be responded to
• Kennedy had 4 options: negotiate with Stalin’s successor, Nikita
Khrushchev, invade Cuba, blockade Cuba, or bomb the missile
sights
• Kennedy had a difficult decision to make – the wrong decision
could easily lead to nuclear war and possibly even nuclear
holocaust
• Kennedy decided to blockade Cuba
• No one knew what would happen, but as Soviet ships headed for
Cuba, they suddenly turned back
• However, construction on the bases continued
• Khrushchev sent Kennedy a note saying he would remove the
missiles if Kennedy would end the blockade
20d. Vietnam War ~ Another Domino
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KBPgqSgku0&safety
_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=tGvLGfxaz7Y&
feature=endscreen&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_
mode=1&safe=active
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=jkNG_8HuUI&NR=1&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_
mode=1&safe=active
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=m
K0qZuZOT0E&NR=1&safety_mode=true&persist_safety
_mode=1&safe=active
20d. Vietnam War ~ the 10,000 day War
• The Vietnam War was fought from
1957-1975.
• The US backed the democratic
forces of South Vietnam
• Communist North Vietnam (NLF,
or Viet Cong), supported by the
Soviet Union.
• The Tet Offensive was a military
campaign during the Vietnam War
that began on January 31, 1968.
• The purpose of the offensive was to
strike military and civilian command
and control centers throughout South
Vietnam and to spark a general
uprising among the population that
would then topple the Saigon
government, thus ending the war in a
single blow. This turned the tide of
public opinion against the war.
Opposition to Vietnam
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=KnnLrmboOYE&NR=1&safety_mo
de=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
The United States became
deeply divided on the
Vietnam War. This was the
1st war in the history of the
United States that was so
openly protested by so
many.
• 50,000
anti-war
demonstrators who marched
on Washington
• firing on students at Kent
State by the National
Guardsmen
• Daniel Ellsberg leaking a
secret study on the war to
the press.
Vietnam War Memorial,
Washington DC
Mini Assessment Questions
President Truman issued the Truman Doctrine in response to
a.
Soviet aggression in Poland
b.
Pressure by communist in Greece and Turkey
c.
Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech
d.
Stalin’s demands at Potsdam Conference
1.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What was the goal of the Marshall Plan?
To help the United States buy its way into European Affairs.
To create stable democracies that could resist communism.
To establish strong trading partners in Asia.
To force the Soviet Union to allow more emigration.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What was the final resolution of the Korean War?
North gained control
South gained control
Dividing line moved north
Dividing line stayed about the same
Mini Assessment Answers
President Truman issued the Truman Doctrine in response to
a.
Soviet aggression in Poland
b.
Pressure by communists in Greece and Turkey
c.
Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech
d.
Stalin’s demands at Potsdam Conference
2.
a.
What was the goal of the Marshall Plan?
To help the United States buy its way into European Affairs.
b.
To create stable democracies that could resist communism.
c.
d.
To establish strong trading partners in Asia.
To force the Soviet Union to allow more emigration.
3.
a.
b.
c.
What was the final resolution of the Korean War?
North gained control
South gained control
Dividing line moved north
d.
Dividing line stayed about the same