Download Cold War Review 2 In 1949 two events increased American fears of

Cold War Review 2
In 1949 two events increased American fears of communist domination of most of
the world. First, ___________, the world’s most populous nation, became communist.
Second, the _________ __________ exploded an atomic bomb. Many Americans feared
that communist spies held important positions in the federal government, because of the
trials of ________ ________ and ________ and _________ _____________. Alger
Hiss was a federal government official who was accused of passing (giving) secret
documents to the ___________ in the late 1930s. Although Hiss claimed he was
innocent, he was convicted of ___________ and sent to prison. Many Americans
believed Hiss was guilty of ___________. The American government also learned that a
spy ring had passed _________ secrets to the Soviets. This knowledge led to the arrest of
__________ and ___________ ________________. The Rosenbergs were Americans
who had worked on the United States’ ___________ project. They were arrested for
passing atomic secrets to the ____________, convicted of _____________ or spying, and
_____________.
American fears of communism advanced the political career of Senator
___________ ____________. Senator McCarthy played on American fears of
communism by accusing many American officials of being ____________. McCarthy’s
charges came to a climax during the _______-____________ hearings in 1954. These
hearings were televised investigations of alleged communist influence in the United
States __________. ___________ was a term that came to mean unfairly accusing others
of disloyalty and subversion or threatening to overthrow the government.
In 1950 the ___________ War became a major test for America’s containment
policy. The Korean War started when communist ________ Korea invaded noncommunist __________ Korea. After American forces counterattacked and drove deep
into North Korea, ____________ _________ entered the Korean War. __________
______________ won the 1952 presidential election after promising to go to Korea if he
became president. The Korean War ended in a ___________ in 1953. Korea remained a
divided country, but ________ _________ was still free. Since the United States had
prevented __________ ________ from falling under communist control, the United
States’ confidence in the ______________ policy increased.
As part of the containment policy, President Eishenhower adopted the policy of
___________ _____________. Massive retaliation was the ______________
administration’s threat of swift, all-out military actions against a nation committing
aggression against or attacking an American ally. Because this policy flirted with nuclear
war, later presidents backed away from ____________ _____________. However,
throughout the Cold War, American presidents consistently refused to promise not to
make a first strike ___________ attack against the Soviet Union.
In 1959 _________ __________ led a communist revolution that took over Cuba.
Many anti-communist Cubans fled to safety in ___________. Because President
Eisenhower was very worried about the existence of communism in Cuba, he encouraged
the ____________ ______________ __________ (CIA) to develop a secret plan to
overthrow Castro. The CIA is the federal agency that coordinates the ______ activities
of the United States government. The CIA planned the _______ of _______ invasion of
Cuba. The CIA trained _____-____________ Cubans and landed them on the Cuban
coast in an attempt to lead the Cuban people in a revolt against _________. Then in
January, 1961 ________ __ ___________ became president. Kennedy went ahead with
plans for the Bay of Pigs invasion, but it was a complete __________. The popular
uprising against __________ never happened, and ________’s army captured or killed
most of the American-supported invaders.
In 1962 the ________ __________ placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. President
__________ learned that the Soviet Union had taken this action from American spy-plane
_____________. To stop the Soviet action President Kennedy ordered a _________
____________ of Cuba and threatened to take further steps if the Soviets failed to
remove their missiles. This event, which became known as the __________ _________
Crisis, threatened the world with ___________ war. __________ _____________ was
the leader of the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He and President
____________ worked out a deal which ended this crisis. Under the terms of their
agreement the Soviets agreed to withdraw their missiles from _________, and in
exchange the United States agreed to remove its oudated missiles from ____________.
Despite the peaceful conclusion to the Cuban Missile Crisis, the threat of
_________ war was always present during the Cold War. Americans tried to prepare for
a possible nuclear attack by conducting _________ drills to train children in case of
nuclear attack and by building __________ shelters in the basements of their homes.