* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Cold War Quiz
Operation Cyclone wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of Nazism wikipedia , lookup
Cuban Revolution wikipedia , lookup
Mutual assured destruction wikipedia , lookup
Canada in the Cold War wikipedia , lookup
Origins of the Cold War wikipedia , lookup
Cuban Missile Crisis wikipedia , lookup
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic wikipedia , lookup
Domino theory wikipedia , lookup
Eastern Bloc media and propaganda wikipedia , lookup
Aftermath of World War II wikipedia , lookup
1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état wikipedia , lookup
Cuba–Soviet Union relations wikipedia , lookup
Operation Anadyr wikipedia , lookup
Culture during the Cold War wikipedia , lookup
Cold War (1947–1953) wikipedia , lookup
Cold War (1962–1979) wikipedia , lookup
Cold War Quiz In 1945 near the end of World War II the Allies founded the United Nations, which is an international organization to promote world peace and progress. The 1._________ ___________ replaced the League of Nations. By creating the United Nations, the world’s nations hoped to prevent future global 2.________. At the end of the two world wars, Americans held very different beliefs regarding the role of the United States in the world. After World War I Americans retreated into 3.______________, while after World War II Americans believed the United States had an important role to play in world affairs. For example, after World War I, the United States had refused to join the 4.__________ __ __________. In contrast, after World War II the United States was one of the founders of the 5.__________ ___________. In August 1945 American forces occupied Japan. Under the direction of the United States, Japan’s government became 6.__________ and Japan became a strong ally or friend of the United States. The situation in Europe was far more complicated. At the end of World War II, Europe lay in ruins. The 7.________ _________’s troops occupied most of Eastern and Central Europe, as well as the 8.__________ part of Germany. The United States, Great Britain, and France occupied the 9.___________ part of Germany. As a result, East Germany became 10.______________ and stayed under the control of the Soviet Union. Soon after World War II ended, the Cold War began. The Cold War was an uneasy peace after World War II, marked by a fierce rivalry between the 11.__________ _________ and the 12._________ _________. In short, the 13.________ War was a war of 14.________ between the United States and the Soviet Union, which lasted for the next forty-five years. During this entire time, the 15._______ War set the framework for global politics. Throughout the Cold War the values of the 16.____________-led western nations differed from the values of the 17._________ ________ and its eastern bloc allies. The western nations, including the United States, believed in democracy, individual freedom, and a free market economy based on private ownership and profit. In contrast, the eastern bloc nations, including the Soviet Union, believed in a totalitarian government or 18.__________ ruled by 19.____________. These nations also had a communist or socialist economic system. Socialism is an economic system in which the 20.___________ owns and controls the means of production. After World War II, the United States adopted the anti-communist policy of 21.______________. Containment was the post-World War II American foreign policy that tried to check the expansion of the 22.________ ________ and 23.____________ through diplomatic, economic, and military means. In other words, by means of the containment policy the United States tried to contain or restrict 24.______________ to those countries where it already existed. Containment intended to keep communism from 25.____________ to other countries. The Truman Doctrine was President Harry S. Truman’s promise that the United States would defend free peoples from subversion (overthrow of the government) or outside pressure. The Truman Doctrine set precedent that the 26.______________ of communism would be the basic principle of American foreign policy throughout the Cold War. The 27._____________ _________ was a massive American financial aid program to help European nations recover economically from World War II. The Marshall Plan had a dual purpose. First, it was intended to rebuild the European economy after World War II. Second, by contributing to the development of economic prosperity, the Marshall Plan was intended to prevent the spread of 28.______________. NATO stands for 29.___________ _____________ ____________ Organization. NATO is a defensive military alliance between the United States and Western European countries to provide mutual aid in the event of armed attack. In other words, for the members of NATO an attack on one nation would be considered an attack on 30._____. In 1949 two events increased American fears of communist domination of most of the world. First, 31.___________, the world’s most populous nation, became communist. Second, the 32._________ __________ exploded an atomic bomb. Many Americans feared that communist spies held important positions in the federal government, because of the trials of 33.________ ________ and 34.________ and 35._________ _____________. Alger Hiss was a federal government official who was accused of passing (giving) secret documents to the Soviets in the late 1930s. Although Hiss claimed he was innocent, he was convicted of 36.___________ and sent to prison. Many Americans believed Hiss was guilty of treason. The American government also learned that a spy ring had passed 37._________ secrets to the Soviets. This knowledge led to the arrest of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. The Rosenberg’s were Americans who had worked on the United States’ 38.___________ project. They were arrested for passing atomic secrets to the 39.____________, convicted of 40._____________ or spying, and 41._____________. American fears of communism advanced the political career of Senator Joseph McCarthy. Senator McCarthy played on American fears of communism by accusing many American officials of being 42.____________. 43. ___________ was a term that came to mean unfairly accusing others of disloyalty and subversion or threatening to overthrow the government. In 1950 the 44.___________ War became a major test for America’s containment policy. The Korean War started when communist North Korea invaded non-communist South Korea. After American forces counterattacked and drove deep into North Korea, Communist China entered the Korean War. Dwight Eisenhower won the 1952 presidential election after promising to go to Korea if he became president. The Korean War ended in a 45.___________ in 1953. Korea remained a divided country, but South Korea was still free. Since the United States had prevented South Korea from falling under communist control, the United States’ confidence in the 46.______________ policy increased. As part of the containment policy, President Eishenhower adopted the policy of massive retaliation. Massive retaliation was the Eisenhower administration’s threat of swift, all-out military actions against a nation committing aggression against or attacking an American ally. Because this policy flirted with nuclear war, later presidents backed away from 47.____________ _____________. However, throughout the Cold War, American presidents consistently refused to promise not to make a first strike 48.___________ attack against the Soviet Union. In 1959 49._________ __________ led a communist revolution that took over Cuba. Many anti-communist Cubans fled to safety in Florida. Because President Eisenhower was very worried about the existence of communism in Cuba, he encouraged the 50.____________ ______________ __________ (CIA) to develop a secret plan to overthrow Castro. The CIA is the federal agency that coordinates the spy activities of the United States government. The CIA planned the 51._______ of _______ invasion of Cuba. The CIA trained anti-communist Cubans and landed them on the Cuban coast in an attempt to lead the Cuban people in a revolt against Castro. Then in January, 1961 John F Kennedy became president. Kennedy went ahead with plans for the Bay of Pigs invasion, but it was a complete 52.__________. The popular uprising against Castro never happened, and Castro’s army captured or killed most of the American-supported invaders. In 1962 the 53.________ __________ placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. President Kennedy learned that the Soviet Union had taken this action from American spy-plane pictures. To stop the Soviet action President Kennedy ordered a Naval blockade of Cuba and threatened to take further steps if the Soviets failed to remove their missiles. This event, which became known as the 54.__________ _________ Crisis, threatened the world with 55.___________ war. Nikita Khruschev was the leader of the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He and President 56.____________ worked out a deal which ended this crisis. Under the terms of their agreement the Soviets agreed to withdraw their missiles from 57._________, and in exchange the United States agreed to remove its oudated missiles from 58.____________. Despite the peaceful conclusion to the Cuban Missile Crisis, the threat of 59._________ war was always present during the Cold War. Americans tried to prepare for a possible nuclear attack by conducting 60._________ drills to train children in case of nuclear attack and by building 61.__________ shelters in the basements of their homes.