Download the respiratory system

THE
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
“Every Breath You Take”
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 The
four main functions:
 Controls blood pH
 Delivers oxygen to body and
removes carbon dioxide as waste
 Defends the body against invading
microbes
 Produces sounds
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
THORACIC
CAVITY: location of
respiratory organs
PLEURA: contains a lubricating
fluid that allows lungs to
expand and recoil smoothly
NASAL and ORAL CAVITIES
 Warms
air up to body temperature
(37oC)
 Contains mucus producing cells
that trap dirt, debris and microbes.
 Contains nose hairs and cells with
cilia that also trap dirt and debris
found in air.
TRACHEA
A
long tube made
up of cartilage
that runs from the
oral cavity to the
lungs
 Contains mucus
secreting cells and
cells with cilia that
trap dirt and debris
and microbes.
TRACHEA
 Contains
the LARYNX
which contains the
vocal chords that
allow us to make
sounds.
 Protected by the
EPIGLOTTIS; a
structure that keeps
food from entering
the trachea.
BRONCHI
The
two
branches of the
trachea
Contains mucus
secreting cells
and cilia
BRONCHIOLES
Branches
of the
bronchi
Also contains
mucus
secreting cells
and cilia
ALVEOLI
 The
location of gas exchange
between air and the blood
 Tiny air sacs that are very thin and
are found at the end of the
bronchioles
 Each cluster is surrounded by a
network of capillaries
 Gas exchange occurs by DIFFUSION
GAS EXCHANGE
 Deoxygenated
blood flows form heart
to lungs through capillaries
 Blood has large carbon dioxide
concentration and small oxygen
concentration while the alveoli is
opposite
 Gas diffuses across its concentration
gradient
 Oxygenated blood returns to heart to
be circulated
DIAPHRAGM
A
thin muscle
that separates
the thoracic
cavity from the
abdominal
cavity
INHALATION
 Diaphragm
moves down
 Chest cavity moves up
and out
 Volume in the cavity
increases, as pressure in
the cavity decreases
 INSPIRATION: air rushes in
EXHALATION
 Diaphragm
moves up
 Chest cavity moves down
and in
 Volume in the cavity
decreases, as pressure in
the cavity increases
 EXPIRATION: air rushes out
TERMS TO KNOW
TIDAL
VOLUME: amount of air that
passes in and out of lungs with each
breath
TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY: maximum
volume of air that can be held in
lungs
VITAL CAPACITY: maximum amount
of air that can be moved into and
out of the lungs
DISEASES
ASTHMA:
a chronic disease
characterized by inflammation and
swelling of the bronchi and
bronchioles that obstructs airflow
CYSTIC FIBROSIS: an over production
of unusually thick mucus that clogs
the airways
INFECTIONS
INFLUENZA:
caused by the flu virus
TUBERCULOSIS: a bacterial infection
that damages the tissues of the
lungs and interferes with gas
exchange
PNEUMONIA: an infection of the
lungs that causes the alveoli to fill
with pus and mucus