Download World War One - eitzmansocialstudies

The Great War (WWI)
Modern Warfare in the remnants of
the Victorian World
Four “MAIN” Causes
Four “MAIN” Causes
• M – Militarism – build up of armies and
navies to give a nation power – GR and GB
Four “MAIN” Causes
• A – Alliances – “friendships” between nations
which they follow despite their best judgment
• The Great War . Maps & Battles . Europe in
1914 | PBS
• Pg. 307 in text draw these alliances in your
notes.
Four “MAIN” Causes
• I – Imperialism – drive to dominate another
nation economically, politically and socially
Four “MAIN” Causes
• N – Nationalism – drive by small national groups
within states to gain their own nation-state
• Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia
nationalism, political or social philosophy in which the
welfare of the nation-state as an entity is considered
paramount. Nationalism is basically a collective state of
mind or consciousness in which people believe their
primary duty and loyalty is to the nation-state. Often
nationalism implies national superiority and glorifies
various national virtues. Thus love of nation may be
overemphasized
Key to Nation Abbreviations
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A-H – Austria-Hungary
GR – Germany
IT – Italy
FR – France
GB – Great Britain
RS – Russia
USA – United States of America
Timeline to a World War
• Arch-duke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by the Black
Hand – Serbian Nationalist group
• A-H demanded revenge from Serbia
• Russia backed Serbia due to Slav cultural ties
• GR backed A-H due to treaty obligations
• GR declared war on RS and FR
• GR declared war on Belgium to invade FR
• GB joined war against GR due to treaty with Belgium
• Ottoman Empire joined A-H and GR
• Colonies of each nation participated in the war
Christmas Truce in 1914
• The Great War . Historians . Peter Simkins |
PBS
Socratic Circle Directions
1. Read the Socratic Circle Piece for today.
2. Circle any words or phrases that you do not
understand.
3. Underline any point(s) that you believe to be
significant.
4. Write three questions at the end of the
reading that you would like to discuss in the
circle.
PMI
• 2 Positives about the circle
• 2 Minuses about the circle
• 4 Interesting things that were discussed
Alliances
• Triple Entente or Allies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Russia - RS
France – FR
Great Britain – GB
United States
After April 1917,
United States - USA
Belgium
Later Italy
• Triple Alliance or the
Central Powers
• Austria-Hungary – A-H
• Germany – GR
• Ottoman Empire
US Reaction to WWI
• Shock, isolationism and
declared neutrality
• Irish and GR immigrants
sided with Central
Powers
• “old line American”
with the Allies
• Sold weapons, food and
supplies to the Allies
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
• GB blockaded Europe to prevent supplies from
getting to the Central Powers
• GR commenced unrestricted submarine
warfare to stop supplies from getting to GB
and FR - Hurt public opinion of GR in US
• US starts convoy system to protect US ships
• Lusitania was sunk with 1,200 people on
board, 128 Americans were killed
US Reaction to WWI
• Espionage Act of 1917 – illegal to aid the
enemy, disloyalty, refuse to serve in Armed
Services, or interfere with war effort
• Sedition Act of 1918 – penalties for saying
anything against or obstructing sale of Liberty
Bonds; saying, writing or printing anything
“disloyal, profane, scurrilous or abusive”
about the Constitution, Army or Navy
Road to War
• US repeatedly warned GR to stop unrestricted
submarine warfare
• Zimmerman Note sent to Mexico to suggest
they attack the US (Texas)
• GR did not stop and war was declared by US
on April 6, 1917 (Good Friday)
– Liberty Bonds went on sale
– More loans to Allied Powers
– General Pershing and 14,500 troops arrived in FR
on June 26, 1917
Selective Service Act
• US entered war with 379,000 troops, ended
with 3.7 million in arms
• SSA of 1917
– Drafted 21 – 30, then 18-45 year olds
– 2.8 million able-bodied, unmarried, no
dependents
• 2 million troops crossed the Atlantic
• 1.4 million saw action
• 50,000 casualties
War Socialism
• Fixed prices, allocated materials, set priorities
and what to produce
• Lever Food and Fuel Control Act
• Food Administration (rationing food,
wheatless Weds, meatless Mondays, led by
future President Hoover)
• Fuel Administration – rationed gas, etc.
• National War Labor Board – mediated labor
disputes between unions and companies
– Rejected Smith & Wesson and took over
War Industries Board
• Started July 1917
• Led by Bernard Baruch, Wall Street speculator
– Allocated raw materials
– Told manufacturers what to produce
– Ordered construction of new plants
– Fixed prices with Presidential approval
– Standardized styles and designs
New Technology in WWI
•
•
•
•
•
•
Airplanes – fighters, bombers, transportation
Submarines
Motorcycles
Tanks – introduced during Battle of the Somme
Automobiles
Chemical Warfare
– Tear gas, mustard gas, nerve gas, chlorine gas
Major Battles
• Schlieffen Plan - GR went through Belgium to invade
FR
• Ypers - GR introduced gas warfare
• Marne – 1st US battle, ended 5th GR offensive
• Verdun - GR attack, FR stopped
– 2 months – 89,000 FR, 82,000 GR dead
•
•
•
•
•
St. Mihiel – 1st Division, 1st US offensive
Somme – GB attack on GR, GB lost 60,000 1st day
Jutland – only naval battle, 1916, GB beat GR
Tannenberg - GR beat RS, lead to RS Revolution
Armistice Day – 11-11-18, 11th hr, 11th day, 11th mo
– Now Veterans Day
Treaty of Versailles
• Allies won, were very angry and wanted
revenge (GB and FR, Russia signed separate
peace in 1916 and were left out)
• President Wilson went to Europe with
Fourteen Points
– 14th Point was League of Nations
– World organization to hopefully stop the bar fight
that was the beginning of the Great War