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OBJECTIVES
The student will :
Identify the long-term causes and immediate circumstances that led
to World War I.
Explain why the United States entered the war.
Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and
secondary sources, connecting insights gained from specific details to an understanding of the text
as a whole.
Determine and assess the consequences of World War I.
Evaluate various explanations for actions or events during World War
I, and determine which explanation best accords with textual evidence.
Who was Involved ?
• Allies vs. Central Powers
• Allies: France, Russia, Great Britain, Italy, later
the United States (1917).
• Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria.
• Ultimately over 60 nations will be involved
In WWI.
What was Behind WWI?
• A struggle for power within Europe and the
world.
• Old traditional powers wanted to hang onto
power against new and emerging countries who
wanted to become powers.
• Ethnic and regional rivalries also contributed to
WWI.
• Competition between nations for resources, land,
and military superiority also contributed to WWI.
When was WWI Fought?
• WWI was fought from 1914 to 1918.
• In June of 1914 the Archduke of the Austrian Empire, Franz
Ferdinand was assassinated in Bosnia by a Serbian terrorist, Gavrilo
Princip a member of the Black Hand Society.
• Bosnia was controlled by Austria-Hungary, Austria- Hungary accused
Serbia of trying to challenge their control over Bosnia.
• On July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
• On August 1, 1914 Countries around Europe declared war on each
due to entangling alliances.
• The U.S. joins the war in April of 1917.
• On November 11, 1918 , Germany accepted a cease-fire and a
truce was signed ending the fighting.
• June 28, 1919, the leaders of England, France, the United States and
Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles.
Where Was WWI Fought?
• The war was primarily fought in two areas.
• The Western Front: The area along the border of
Germany and France. The front extends into the
Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. U.S. troops
fight on the Western Front.
• The Eastern Front: The area along the border of
of Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary,
extending into the Ottoman Empire.
• The fighting is conducted from a series of
elaborate trenches on both fronts.
Why was WWI Fought?
• Causes: militarism, nationalism, imperialism, alliance
system.
• Militarism: Countries built up their militaries and used
them as a tool of diplomacy.
• Nationalism: A devotion to the interests and cultures of
your country.
• Imperialism: The competition amongst European
countries for colonies and resources increased
tensions.
• Alliance System: In the early 1900’s countries aligned
themselves with other countries for protection. Once
one declared war, the other’s were ragged in as well.
How was World War I Fought?
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The war was fought from a series of elaborate trenches.
Life for the soldiers in the trenches was brutal.
There was a constant fear of death and filthy conditions.
There were three kids of trenches, front line, support and
reserve, soldiers spent time in all three.
• Both sides trenches were separated by “no mans land”, a
barren area with barbed wire, dead bodies, and artillery
shell craters.
• The soldiers would go over the top of their trenches and
charge across no man’s land hoping to reach the enemies
trenches.
• The war witnessed the use of the machine guns, airplanes,
tanks, poison gas and submarines or U-Boats.