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The Cell Cycle Chromatin • A combination of DNA and protein molecules Chromosomes • As a cell prepares to divide, its chromatin fibers condense, becoming visible as a compact structure Sister Chromatids • Two identical, joined copies of chromosomes Centromere • The region where the two chromatids are joined tightly together Crossing Over • The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes Spindle Apparatus (Fiber) • Involved in moving and separating chromosomes during nuclear division Homologous Chromosomes • Two chromosomes of each matching pair; one inherited from each parent Gametes • Sex cells – egg and sperm Haploid • A cell with a single set of chromosomes • Sex cells – 23 Diploid • Contain two homologous sets of chromosomes • In humans – 46 The Cell Cycle • Consists of G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis G1 Phase • Cell is growing and performing normal functions S Phase • Cell replicates its DNA G2 Phase • Cell makes microtubules in preparation for cell division Interphase • G1, S, and G2 phases combined Mitosis • Chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell. Nucleus divides. Cytokinesis • Cytoplasm divides. Two daughter cells are formed • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6ucKWII Fmg • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65SODTL_ QsA
