Download Chapter 6: Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections

Chapter 6: Prepositions,
Conjunctions, and
Interjections
8th Grade English
Lesson 1: What Is a
Preposition?
 A preposition is a word that shows a relationship between a
noun or a pronoun and some other word in the sentence.
 Robots in outer space perform useful functions.

The preposition in shows the relationship between robots and
space.
 See pg. 152 in your hardcover book for a list of common
prepositions.
 Some prepositions, called compound prepositions, are made up
of more than one word

according to, instead of, and apart from
Lesson 1: What Is a
Preposition?
 Prepositional Phrases
 A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition, its object,
and any modifiers of the object.
 The object of the preposition is the noun or pronoun
following the preposition.

Robots conduct missions for the space program.

Among their many tasks is photographing the planets.
Lesson 1: What Is a
Preposition?
 Compound Objects in Prepositional Phrases
 A preposition may have a compound object made up of
two or more nouns joined by and or or.
 Robots conduct a series of tests and experiments.
 Experiments can be performed by robots or people.
Lesson 1: What Is a
Preposition?
 Preposition or Adverb?
 Sometimes the same word can be used as a preposition or
as an adverb.
 If the word has no object, it is an adverb.
 The spacecraft has no gravity within its walls.
 The spacecraft has no gravity within.
Lesson 2: Using
Prepositional Phrases
 A prepositional phrase is always related to another word
in a sentence.
 It modifies the word in the same way an adjective or an
adverb would.
Lesson 2: Using
Prepositional Phrases
 Adjective Phrases
 An adjective prepositional phrase modifies a noun or a
pronoun.
 Like an adjective, a prepositional phrase can tell which
one, how many, or what kind.
 Robots perform several jobs in the automobile industry.
 The sprayer on an assembly line is an industrial robot.
Lesson 2: Using
Prepositional Phrases
 Adverb Phrases
 An adverb prepositional phrase modifies a verb, an
adjective, or an adverb.
 An adverb prepositional phrase can tell where, when, how,
why, or to what extent.
 Industrial robots operate from fixed positions.
 These robots are reprogrammable for various tasks.
Lesson 2: Using
Prepositional Phrases
 Several prepositional phrases can work together.
 Often, each phrase after the first modifies the object in
the phrase before it.
 Some industrial robots load frozen slabs of meat in meat
lockers with subzero temperatures.
Lesson 2: Using
Prepositional Phrases
 Placement of Prepositional Phrases
 When you write, try to place each prepositional phrase as
close as possible to the word it modifies.
 Otherwise, you may confuse – or unintentionally amuse–
your readers.
 In a chorus line, we watched fifteen robots.
 We watched fifteen robots in a chorus line.
Lesson 3: Conjunctions
 A conjunction is a word used to join words or groups of
words.
 Different kinds of conjunctions are used in different
ways.
Lesson 3: Conjunctions
 Coordinating Conjunctions
 A coordinating conjunction connects words used in the
same way.
 The words joined by a conjunction can be subjects,
objects, predicates, or any other kind of sentence part.
 Motors and software control a robot named Greg.
 Common Coordinating Conjunctions
 and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet
Lesson 3: Conjunctions
 Use and to connect similar ideas.
 Cog can make eye contact and track motion.
 Use but or yet to contrast ideas.
 Cog is a computer-driven machine, but it acts like a
human being.
 Use or or nor to introduce a choice.
 Kismet, another robot, can smile or look sad.
Lesson 3: Conjunctions
 Correlative Conjunctions
 Correlative conjunctions are pairs of words that connect
words used in the same way.
 Like coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions
can join subjects, objects, predicates, and other sentence
parts.
 Cog moves not only its head but also its arms.
 Both Cog and Kismet are robots with intelligence.
Lesson 3: Conjunctions
 Common correlative conjunctions:
 Both… and
 Neither… nor
 Either… or
 Whether… or
 Not only… but also
Lesson 4: Interjections
 An interjection is a word or phrase used to express
emotion.
 Hey, how do you like my automatic scanner?
 It’s fast! Wow!
 An interjection can stand alone or be set off by a
comma.
 Writers often use interjections to express strong emotions
such as anger, joy, concern, surprise, terror, and disgust.