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Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiments and Leptogenesis Scenario of Early Universe Nobuhiro Ishihara, for the DCBA collaboration Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki, 305-0801 Japan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Neutrinoless double beta decay (0) takes place only when neutrinos are Majorana neutrinos that have the nature of no distinction between particles and their own anti-particles. Majorana neutrino plays important role in the theory called Seesaw Mechanism, in which a left-handed Majorana neutrino (LMN) can obtain its mass independently of a right-handed Majorana neutrino (RMN). The product of two masses of LMN and RMN is equal to a Dirac particle mass squared. Therefore, when the mass of RMN is extremely large, the one of LMN naturally becomes very small. The LMN is considered as known neutrino weakly interacting. In the Leptogenesis scenario, heavy RMNs have been produced in early universe. The heavy RMNs can asymmetrically decay to leptons over anti-leptons. This is the reason why the present universe is filled with matter without antimatter. Observation of 0 would be evidence of Seesaw Mechanism and Leptogenesis. The R&D of tracking detectors for 0 are developed at KEK and in Europe under the program of France Japan Particle Physics Laboratory (FJPPL). Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0) Lepton Number Violation Process L=2 2 D m m 0.4 eV mN (A, Z) (A, Z+2) A: Mass number Z: Atomic number 10 y Effective neutrino mass: m mU i NN mN 2 top m m ( 0.05eV) 10 GeV 15 26 (From Boris Kayser at APS – JPS meeting at Hawaii, Oct. 13, 2009) 2 ei Yanagida Gell-Mann, Ramond, Slansky (1979) Mohapatra, Senjanovic Minkowski 1 2 m T Right Handed Heavy Majorana Neutrino Left Handed Light Majorana Neutrino Maki, Nakagawa, Sakata (MNS Matrix) (1962) 0 1/ 2 Seesaw Mechanism Leptogenesis 0.05eV N would have been made in the hot Big Bang ( N l H ) ( N l H ) 0 Experiment DCBA at KEK (Drift Chamber Beta-ray Analyzer) Fukugita, Yanagida (1986) 2 event Baryon Asymmetry Source plate β-track Anode Wire Number (Y-axis) 0.7MeV β-track 0.4MeV B y x noise β-track β-track x z Q value Time channel number (X-axis) (left-chamber) Pick-up Wire Number (Z-axis) Time channel number (X-axis) (right-chamber) (From Boris Kayser at APS – JPS meeting at Hawaii, Oct. 13, 2009) Energy Sum of 1 and 2 Geant4 2.4 kG DCBA-T3 He+CO2(10%) Nd2O3 40 mg/cm2 Super Conducting Magnet 0 MTD 80 keV FWHM @ 1.7 MeV 1 2 Energy (MeV) 3 R&D of Future Tracking Detectors for 0 under France Japan Particle Physics Laboratory (FJPPL) SuperNEMO in Europe Magnetic Tracking Detector based on NEMO3 (MTD) based on DCBA 4 modules for 120 kg source 40 mg/cm2 80 m2/32 kg Under construction 3500