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Birth of a Nation
AP United States History
Unit 2
Washington’s Cabinet
President Washington, Henry Knox (War), Alexander Hamilton (Treasury),
Thomas Jefferson (State), Edmund Randolph (Attorney General)
Naturalization Act of 1790
That any alien, being a free white person…may
be admitted to become a citizen…on application
to any common law court of record, in any one of
the States… and making proof to the satisfaction
of such court, that he is a person of good
character, and taking the oath or affirmation
prescribed by law, to support the Constitution of
the United States…
Alexander Hamilton (1755?-1804)
Hamilton’s Plan
In favor
Pay off national
debt at Face value
Assume the debts
of the states
(Assumption)
Subsidize industry
and manufacturing
Impose a high
protective Tariff
Create a national
BANK
In opposition
Results
Hamilton’s Plan
In favor
Pay off national
debt at Face value
Assume the debts
of the states
(Assumption)
Subsidize industry
and manufacturing
Impose a high
protective Tariff
Create a national
BANK
• trust in US govt
• US as worthy
investment
In opposition
Results
Hamilton’s Plan
In favor
Pay off national
debt at Face value
Assume the debts
of the states
(Assumption)
Subsidize industry
and manufacturing
Impose a high
protective Tariff
Create a national
BANK
• trust in US govt
• US as worthy
investment
In opposition
• benefits rich
• sympathy with
soldiers
Results
Hamilton’s Plan
In favor
Pay off national
debt at Face value
Assume the debts
of the states
(Assumption)
Subsidize industry
and manufacturing
Impose a high
protective Tariff
Create a national
BANK
• trust in US govt
• US as worthy
investment
• bind states to US
govt
In opposition
• benefits rich
• sympathy with
soldiers
Results
Hamilton’s Plan
In favor
Pay off national
debt at Face value
Assume the debts
of the states
(Assumption)
Subsidize industry
and manufacturing
Impose a high
protective Tariff
Create a national
BANK
In opposition
• trust in US govt
• US as worthy
investment
• benefits rich
• sympathy with
soldiers
• bind states to US
govt
• some states
already paid debts
Results
Hamilton’s Plan
In favor
Pay off national
debt at Face value
Assume the debts
of the states
(Assumption)
Subsidize industry
and manufacturing
Impose a high
protective Tariff
Create a national
BANK
In opposition
• trust in US govt
• US as worthy
investment
• benefits rich
• sympathy with
soldiers
• bind states to US
govt
• some states
already paid debts
Results
• both were passed
• however, North
pledged to build
new national capital
in South
Hamilton’s Plan
In favor
Pay off national
debt at Face value
Assume the debts
of the states
(Assumption)
Subsidize industry
and manufacturing
Impose a high
protective Tariff
Create a national
BANK
In opposition
• trust in US govt
• US as worthy
investment
• benefits rich
• sympathy with
soldiers
• bind states to US
govt
• some states
already paid debts
• protect and
promote industry
• would only benefit
NE and rich
Results
• both were passed
• however, North
pledged to build
new national capital
in South
Hamilton’s Plan
In favor
Pay off national
debt at Face value
Assume the debts
of the states
(Assumption)
Subsidize industry
and manufacturing
Impose a high
protective Tariff
Create a national
BANK
In opposition
• trust in US govt
• US as worthy
investment
• benefits rich
• sympathy with
soldiers
• bind states to US
govt
• some states
already paid debts
• protect and
promote industry
• would only benefit
NE and rich
• generate revenue
Results
• both were passed
• however, North
pledged to build
new national capital
in South
Hamilton’s Plan
In favor
Pay off national
debt at Face value
Assume the debts
of the states
(Assumption)
Subsidize industry
and manufacturing
Impose a high
protective Tariff
Create a national
BANK
In opposition
• trust in US govt
• US as worthy
investment
• benefits rich
• sympathy with
soldiers
• bind states to US
govt
• some states
already paid debts
• protect and
promote industry
• would only benefit
NE and rich
• generate revenue
• would raise prices
• would lead to
“reciprocal” tariffs
Results
• both were passed
• however, North
pledged to build
new national capital
in South
Hamilton’s Plan
In favor
Pay off national
debt at Face value
Assume the debts
of the states
(Assumption)
Subsidize industry
and manufacturing
Impose a high
protective Tariff
Create a national
BANK
In opposition
Results
• trust in US govt
• US as worthy
investment
• benefits rich
• sympathy with
soldiers
• bind states to US
govt
• some states
already paid debts
• protect and
promote industry
• would only benefit • tariff was passed
NE and rich
at lower rate
• Congress also
passed excise
• would raise prices taxes
• would lead to
• no subsidies
“reciprocal” tariffs
• generate revenue
• both were passed
• however, North
pledged to build
new national capital
in South
Hamilton’s Plan
In favor
Pay off national
debt at Face value
Assume the debts
of the states
(Assumption)
Subsidize industry
and manufacturing
Impose a high
protective Tariff
Create a national
BANK
In opposition
Results
• trust in US govt
• US as worthy
investment
• benefits rich
• sympathy with
soldiers
• bind states to US
govt
• some states
already paid debts
• protect and
promote industry
• would only benefit • tariff was passed
NE and rich
at lower rate
• Congress also
passed excise
• would raise prices taxes
• would lead to
• no subsidies
“reciprocal” tariffs
• generate revenue
• allow federal govt
to deposit funds
• stabilize currency
• both were passed
• however, North
pledged to build
new national capital
in South
Hamilton’s Plan
In favor
Pay off national
debt at Face value
Assume the debts
of the states
(Assumption)
Subsidize industry
and manufacturing
Impose a high
protective Tariff
Create a national
BANK
In opposition
Results
• trust in US govt
• US as worthy
investment
• benefits rich
• sympathy with
soldiers
• bind states to US
govt
• some states
already paid debts
• protect and
promote industry
• would only benefit • tariff was passed
NE and rich
at lower rate
• Congress also
passed excise
• would raise prices taxes
• would lead to
• no subsidies
“reciprocal” tariffs
• generate revenue
• allow federal govt
to deposit funds
• stabilize currency
• benefits rich
• unconstitutional
• both were passed
• however, North
pledged to build
new national capital
in South
Hamilton’s Plan
In favor
Pay off national
debt at Face value
Assume the debts
of the states
(Assumption)
Subsidize industry
and manufacturing
Impose a high
protective Tariff
Create a national
BANK
In opposition
Results
• trust in US govt
• US as worthy
investment
• benefits rich
• sympathy with
soldiers
• bind states to US
govt
• some states
already paid debts
• protect and
promote industry
• would only benefit • tariff was passed
NE and rich
at lower rate
• Congress also
passed excise
• would raise prices taxes
• would lead to
• no subsidies
“reciprocal” tariffs
• generate revenue
• allow federal govt
to deposit funds
• stabilize currency
• benefits rich
• unconstitutional
• both were passed
• however, North
pledged to build
new national capital
in South
• BUS chartered for
20 years
The French Revolution
The Storming of the Bastille (1789)
“Citizen” Edmond Genêt
John Jay
Thomas Pinckney
Joseph J. Ellis
in Founding Brothers
Jay’s Treaty was “a shrewd bargain for the United
States. It bet, in effect, on England rather than
France as the hegemonic European power of the
future, which proved prophetic. It recognized the
massive dependence of the American economy on
trade with England. In a sense it was a precocious
preview of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), for it linked
American security and economic development to
the British fleet, which provided a protective shield
of incalculable value throughout the nineteenth
century. Mostly, it postponed war with England
until America was economically and politically
more capable of fighting one.”
Battle of Fallen Timbers
General “Mad” Anthony Wayne
Treaty of Greenville (1795)
The Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
Washington’s Farewell Address
Washington on party faction
“It (party faction) serves to distract the
Public Councils, and enfeeble the Public
Administration ...agitates the Community
with ill-founded jealousies and false
alarms; kindles the animosity of
one....against another....it opens the door
to foreign influence and corruption...thus
the policy and the will of one country are
subjected to the policy and will of another.”
Washington on debt and taxes
“...cherish public credit. One method of
preserving it is to use it as sparingly as
possible...avoiding likewise the
accumulation of debt....it is essential that
you...bear in mind, that towards the
payments of debts there must be
Revenue, that to have Revenue there
must be taxes; that no taxes can be
devised, which are not...inconvenient and
unpleasant...”
Washington on alliances
“It is our true policy to steer clear of
permanent alliances with any portion of
the foreign world...”
Millions for defense,
but not one cent for tribute!
Alien & Sedition Acts
Alien Enemies Act
Allowed the President to deport
foreigners he deemed “dangerous”
Naturalization Act
Increased the time required for an
immigrant to become a citizen
Sedition Act
Made it a crime to criticize the
President, Congress, or US Gov’t
Kentucky Resolution 1
That the several states composing the United States of
America are not united on the principle of unlimited
submission to their general government; but that, by
compact, under the style and title of a Constitution for the
United States,…they constituted a general government for
special purposes, delegated to that government certain
definite powers, reserving, each state to itself, the residuary
mass of right to their own self-government; and that
whensoever the general government assumes undelegated
powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force…