Download The 10 % RULE

The Marine Research Facility
Malibu High School
Presents
cology
basics
5.
THE 10% RULE
and
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
The Laws of Thermodynamics and
FOOD CHAINS !
ZUMA
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2nd Order CARNIVORES
The
10 %
RULE !
The maximum amount of
ENERGY that passes from one
trophic level to the next is
10%.
90% of the ENERGY at each
trophic level is used to keep the
organisms alive and is
converted to HEAT.
Always start
with the SUN.
The 10% RULE !
Max. 10 % to
HERBIVORES
90% of the
ENERGY captured
by PRODUCERS
is used to keep
themselves
alive (converted
to heat).
PRODUCERS
HERBIVORES
1st Order
CARNIVORES
Producers are the BASE
of the pyramid of 2nd
biomass
because
Order
their ENERGY comes direct
CARNIVORES
from the SUN.
3rd Order
CARNIVORES
The 10% RULE !
Max. 10 % to
CARNIVORES
90% was used
to keep the
HERBIVORES
alive.
PRODUCERS
HERBIVORES
1st Order
CARNIVORES
HERBIVORES
2nd Order
exist on
only 10%
CARNIVORES
of the ENERGY
from PRODUCERS.
3rd Order
CARNIVORES
The 10% RULE !
Max. 10 % to
2nd O. CARNIVORES
PRODUCERS
HERBIVORES
1st Order
CARNIVORES
2nd Order
CARNIVORES
3rd
1st
O. Order
Carnivores are max.10%
CARNIVORES
of HERBIVORES.
The 10% RULE !
2nd Order CARNIVORES
PRODUCERS
HERBIVORES
1st Order
CARNIVORES
2nd Order
CARNIVORES
3rd Order
CARNIVORES
There isn’t much
ENERGY left near the top.
PRODUCERS
HERBIVORES
The 10%
RULE . . .
1st Order
CARNIVORES
2nd Order
CARNIVORES
3rd Order
CARNIVORES
...results
in this
ECOLOGICAL
PYRAMID
PRODUCERS - 1000
HERBIVORES - 100
The 10%
RULE . . .
1st Order
CARNIVORES - 10
2nd Order
CARNIVORES - 1
3rd Order
CARNIVORES
0.1
...is used
to help
predict
NUMBERS.
1000
100
The 10%
RULE . . .
10
1
0.1
...is used
to help
predict
BIOMASS.
The ecological
pyramid at
ZUMA.
2nd Order CARNIVORES
Population size
ratios at
ZUMA.
Biomass at
ZUMA.
1 lb.
For every 1 lb. of
halibut, how many
lbs. of Zalophus
can be supported ?
?
1 lb.
For every 1 lb. of
halibut, 0.1 lbs.
of Zalophus
can be supported !
0.1 lbs
30,000
For a 30 lb.
halibut, 30,000 lbs.
of phytoplankton
lbs. are necessary !
3,000 lbs.
300 lbs.
30 lbs.
2nd Order CARNIVORES
REVIEW CHECKPOINT:
1. What is the 10% rule ?
2. Where does most of the ENERGY go
at each trophic level ?
3. What 2 things can the ecological
pyramid help predict?
4. If there are 14,963 kg of anchovies at
Zuma, tell how many kg are predicted:
a. Zooplankton
c. Halibut
b. Phytoplankton d. Zalophus
Coming soon:
FOOD WEBS !