Download Reconstruction of the South 1865-1877

Reconstruction of the South
1865-1877
What happened after the surrender
at Appomattox
Damage to the South
Your Turn
Many historians criticize Southern reconstruction.
What would be some rules and regulations that you
would implement toward reconstruction of the
South in order to allow them back in? How would
you enforce them? Try to list 5 new very broad rules
and regulations to help reconstruction of the South?
Try and follow the Constitution if you can!!!
Questions About Reconstruction
• How and when should the states resume their
former role?
• Should the south be punished?
• Equal rights for all races?
• Stronger federal government?
The Lincoln Plan 1863
1. Pardon offered for those
Confederates who swore
allegiance to Union
2. Denied pardons to highranking Confederate
officials or ones that
committed war crimes
3. Each state could hold a
constitutional convention
if 10% of voters had sworn
allegiance to Union
4. States could then hold
elections and rejoin the
Union
Conclusion
• Upset the Radical Republicans who wanted to
punish the South
• They believed that Congress should decide on
Reconstruction not Executive (standoff)
• Lincoln’s untimely death allows for a different
President to fight with Congress
The Johnson Plan 1865
1. Pardoned Southerners
who swore allegiance to
the Union
2. Permitted each state to
hold a constitutional
convention (if they would
withdraw its
secession/swear
allegiance to the Union)
3. States must abolish
slavery by ratifying the
13th Amendment
4. States could then hold
elections and rejoin the
Union
Conclusion
• Four states admitted back to Union (La, Tn, Ar,
Va)
• Radical Republicans were angry that Johnson
allowed Southern states back into the Union
so easily
• They make every attempt to dismantle his
plan by gaining majority in Congress during
the 1866 elections
• Felt the issue of land, voting rights, and
protection under law as the main objective
That’s Weird????
• Many years ago in England, pub frequenters had a whistle
baked into the rim, or handle, of their ceramic cups. When
they needed a refill, they used the whistle to get some
service. "Wet your whistle" is the phrase inspired by this
practice.
• Cleopatra married two of her brothers.
• If a statue in the park of a person on a horse has both front
legs in the air, the person died in battle. If the horse has one
front leg in the air the person died as a result of wounds
received in battle. If the horse has all four legs on the ground,
the person died of natural causes.
• Under an old Chinese law, anyone who revealed how to make
silk was liable to death by torture.
Reconstruction Act of 1867
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Put South under military rule
by Union general (5 sections)
It ordered southern states to
hold new elections for
delegates/constitution
Ordered all qualified male
voters must be allowed to
vote (black and white)
Barred southerners who had
supported the Confederacy
from voting
Southern states had to
guarantee equal rights
Must pass 13th 14th and 15th
Amendment
Conclusion
• South was very upset about the strict laws
imposed on them in order for them to be
brought back into the Union
• Congress would decide how things will be
done
Freedmen’s Bureau
• Goal is to help former slaves adjust
to freedom
• Provided education to 250,000
former slaves
• Gave food to many black and
white war refugees
• Distributed confiscated land to
former slaves (until Johnson gave
the land back to white owners)
• Carpetbaggers-Name for northern
Republicans who moved to the
South following the Civil War
• Scalawags-Name for a white
Southern Republican
“Black Codes” and the Ku Klux Klan
• During Reconstruction, white
southerners began to try and
regain control of southern
government seats
• Passed laws known as “Black
Codes” that restricted the
rights of Freedmen
• The Ku Klux Klan tried to
prevent freedmen from
exercising their rights
• By the depression of 1873
made people less interested
in African Americans welfare
Andrew Johnson
• Johnson tried to reduce
the influence of the
Radical Republicans by
firing Secretary of WarEdward Stanton
• House voted to
impeach but Senate
refused to convict (by
one vote)
Ulysses S. Grant
• The new president,
Ulysses S. Grant,
established anti-Klan
legislation to curb
violence
• Administration was
plagued with corruption
Election of Rutherford B. Hayes
• Rutherford B. Hayes
won an election that
was heavily contested
• The Compromise of
1877 gave the election
to Hayes over Tilden,
but he had to remove
federal troops from the
southern states (this
officially ended
reconstruction)
The End of Reconstruction
• Many northerners felt nothing was being
accomplish by Reconstruction
• Reconstruction tended to put southern states
into deeper debt
• Reconstruction came to symbolize corruption
and greed
• The white dominated south blocked most
Reconstruction legislation
The Reconstruction Legacy Successes
•
•
•
•
Union and war-torn south repaired
Stimulated economic growth
13th/14th/15th Amendments passed
Black families had access to school, jobs, and
housing
• South adopts system of tax-supported
education system
The Reconstruction Legacy Failures
• Slaves became sharecroppers
• White Southerners regained control of state
governments and reversed Reconstruction era
reforms
• Racist attitudes continued in the North and
South (Jim Crow Laws)
• South was slow to industrialize and worker
concerns were not addressed